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2  WEST  45tk  STREET,  NEW 


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THE  LIBRARY 
OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


SYLLABUS 

(SECOND    YEAR) 

ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORTHAND 


SYLLABUS 

(SECOND  YEAR) 

ISAAC    PITMAN 
SHORTHAND 

PREPARED  BY 

ELIZABETH  A.   ROCHE 

HEAD    OF    DEPARTMENT,    SECRETARIAL    STUDIES 

AND 

ELIZABETH   RIORDON 

INSTRUCTOR,    DEPARTMENT    OF    SECRETARIAL    STUDIES, 

WASHINGTON    IRVING    HIGH    SCHOOL, 

40    IRVING    PLACE,    NEW    YORK. 


NEW  YORK 
ISAAC  PITMAN  &  SONS,  THE  PHONOGRAPHIC  DEPOT 

2  WEST  45TH  STREET 
TORONTO:  70  BOND  STREET 

AND  AT  LONDON,  BATH  AND  MELBOURNE 


WHOLESALE  CANADIAN  AGENTS 
The  Commercial  Text-Book  Co. 

AND 

The   Copp,    Clark    Co.,    Limited 
TORONTO 


The  study  of  phonography  trains  the  mind  to 
exact  thinking,  to  precision  of  expression,  to 
energy  of  attention,  to  the  habit  of  seeking  in 
its  proper  place  the  principle  according  to  which 
a  word  is  written. 

While  the  study  of  phonography  trains  for 
practical  ends,  by  the  employment  of  the  very 
same  mental  processes  required  to  accomplish 
the  work  in  other  secondary  school  courses,  it 
trains  for  life.  The  teaching  of  phonography 
conforms  with  the  highest  doctrine  in  pedagogy — 
that  theory  should  not  be  separated  from 
practice. 


CONTENTS 

TERM   III 

CHAP.  PAGE 

I.  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TEACHERS 

1.  THE  AIM  OF  INSTRUCTION  .                  .  1 

2.  MATERIALS         .....  2 

3.  THE  TEACHER'S  DAILY  LESSON  PLAN.  5 

4.  TEACHING  STUDENTS  How  TO  STUDY     .  8 

5.  STUDENTS'  HOME  WORK     .         .         .16 
w        6.    SENTENCE   STRUCTURE,    PUNCTUATION, 

ETC. 17 

7.  THE  CONDUCT  OF  THE  DAILY  RECITATION  20 

8.  ATTAINING  SPEED      ....  21 

as 

22        9.    CLASS  DICTATION        .         .  24 

10.    TRANSCRIPTS      .         .         .  28 
^       11.    CAUSES  OF  ERRORS  IN  TRANSCRIPTION 

WORK  :    REMEDIES     .         .         .         .  32 

z        12.    TESTS  AND  THEIR  VALUE  ...  40 

•a: 

13.  FREQUENT  TESTS        ....  42 

14.  MARKING  FREQUENT  TESTS         .         .  43 
y        15.    STUDENTS'  RECORDS  ....  46 

16.  DEFICIENT  STUDENTS          ...  47 

17.  THE  MID-TERM  TEST          .         .         .48 

18.  THE  END-TERM  TEST          ...  49 

19.  TESTS   GIVEN   AFTER  THE   END-TERM 
TEST          ....-»         .         .         .  50 

20.  DOUBTFUL  STUDENTS.  51 


448327 


VI  CONTENTS 

CHAP. 

II.  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE 


1.    TIME  SCHEDULE         .... 
2.    TEXT  BOOKS      
3.    THE  OUTLINE    ..... 

52 
52 
53 

a. 

SCOPE  OF  TEXT  BOOK  WORK 

53 

b. 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  SHORTHAND     . 

54 

1.    REVIEW  OF  THEORY 

54 

2.   VOCABULARY  DRILL 

54 

3.   ENGRAVED  SHORTHAND  EXER- 

CISES       

55 

4.    GRAMMALOGS  .... 

56 

5.    SIMPLE  PHRASES     .         ... 

56 

6.   BUSINESS  PHRASES. 

57 

7.    GENERAL  CONTRACTIONS 

58 

8.   VOWEL  INDICATION 

58 

9.   SPECIAL  CONTRACTIONS    . 

59 

10.   ADVANCED  PHRASEOGRAPHY     . 

59 

11.    INTERSECTIONS 

60 

12.   STATES  AND  CITIES 

60 

13.   DISTINGUISHING  OUTLINES 

60 

c. 

CLASS  DICTATION  .... 

61 

d. 

TRANSCRIPTION  WORK  . 

61 

III.  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  PROMOTION 

1.  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  TECHNIQUE        .         .      62 

2.  RATE  OF  SPEED         .  •   *         .62 

3.  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  TRANSCRIPTION  WORK     63 


CONTENTS  Vll 


TERM   IV 

1AP.  PAGE 

I.  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TEACHERS 

1.  THE  AIM  OF  INSTRUCTION.         .         .  67 

2.  MATERIALS 68 

3.  THE  TEACHER'S  DAILY  LESSON  PLAN.  68 

4.  TEACHING  STUDENTS  How  TO  STUDY  .  68 

5.  STUDENTS'  HOME  WORK     ...  68 

6.  SENTENCE   STRUCTURE,    PUNCTUATION, 
ETC. ,69 

7.  THE  CONDUCT  OF  THE  DAILY  RECITATION  69 

8.  ATTAINING  SPEED       .         .         .         .69 

9.  CLASS  DICTATION       ....  69 

10.  TRANSCRIPTS      .         .         .         .         .69 

11.  CAUSES  OF  ERRORS  IN  TRANSCRIPTION 
WORK  :    REMEDIES     ....  73 

12.  TESTS  AND  THEIR  VALUE            .         .  73 

13.  FREQUENT  TESTS        ....  73 

14.  MARKING  FREQUENT  TESTS         .         .  73 

15.  STUDENTS'  RECORDS  ....  73 

16.  DEFICIENT  STUDENTS          ...  73 

17.  THE  MID-TERM  TEST          ...  74 

18.  THE  END-TERM  TEST  75 


Vlll  CONTENTS 

CHAP.  PACK 

II.  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE     ... 

1.  TIME  SCHEDULE         ....  76 

2.  TEXT  BOOKS 76 

3.  THE  OUTLINE 77 

a.  SCOPE  OF  TEXT  BOOK  WORK         .  77 
MISCELLANEOUS  DICTATION    .         .  77 

b.  THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  SHORTHAND     .  79 

c.  CLASS  DICTATION  ....  79 

d.  TRANSCRIPTION  WORK  ...  79 

III.  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  PROMOTION 

1.  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  TECHNIQUE        .         .  80 

2.  RATE  OF  SPEED         ....  80 

3.  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  TRANSCRIPTION  WORK  .  81 


SYLLABUS 

(SECOND  YEAR) 

ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORTHAND 


CHAPTER  I 

INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TEACHERS 

1.   THE   AIM    OF   INSTRUCTION 

THE  chief  aim  of  the  teacher  should  be  to  train  the 
students  to  write  correct  shorthand  from  dictation  and 
to  transcribe  the  same  accurately.  Emphasis,  therefore, 
throughout  the  term  should  be  placed  on  the  •following 
points  : 

a.  The  correct  application  of  the  theory  taught  in 
terms  I  and  II. 

b.  The  formation  of  outlines  correctly,  legibly,  and 
rapidly. 

c.  The  acquisition  of  a  large  vocabulary  of  shorthand 
words  and  phrases. 

d.  Mastery  of  the  grammalogs,   the  common  con- 
tractions, the  common  distinguishing  outlines,  and 
the  term's  vocabulary. 

e.  The  need  of  concentration  on  the  subject  matter 
which  is  being  dictated. 

l 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM  III 

f.  The    accurate   reading    or    transcription   of   the 
matter  dictated. 

g.  The  artistic  placing  of  typewritten  transcripts. 

h.  The  attainment  at  the  close  of  the  term  of  a 
minimum  speed  of  sixty  (60)  words  a  minute  on 
business  letters  and  articles  of  regents'  difficulty, 
with  a  minimum  accuracy  of  sixty  (60)  per  cent,  in 
transcription  work. 


2.    MATERIALS 

Shorthand  Text  Books 

At  the  time  the  text  books  are  distributed,  the  teacher 
should  request  the  students  to  record,  in  ink,  the 
following  data  on  the  inside  cover  of  the  text  book  : 

a.  The  student's  name,  section,  and  section  room. 

b.  The  student's  home  address. 

c.  The  date  on  which  the  book  is  received. 

d.  The  name  of  the  stenography  teacher. 

All  shorthand  text  books  should  be  neatly  covered  with 
strong  paper  on  the  day  of  their  receipt. 

Teachers  should  inspect  the  text  books  regularly,  both  to 
see  that  they  are  covered  and  to  ascertain  whether  any 
books  have  been  lost.  Lost  books  should  be  immediately 
replaced. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM  III 

Teachers  should  follow  up  the  return  of  text  books  issued 
to  students  who  have  since  been  discharged  from  school. 

Pencils 

Students  at  all  times  should  have  three  or  four  long, 
well-sharpened  pencils  suitable  for  stenographic  work. 
The  pencils  should  be  round,  of  ordinary  diameter,  and 
without  nickle  or  rubber  at  the  end. 

Metal  point  protectors  should  be  removed  from  the 
pencils  while  students  are  taking  notes. 

Note -books 

The  class  note-books  should  either  be  enclosed  in  a 
pasteboard  cover  or  be  neatly  covered  with  strong  paper. 

Note-books  should  be  ruled  vertically  about  1  inch  from 
the  left  edge  ;  a  f  inch  ruling  at  the  right  edge  is  also 
desirable. 

Shorthand  notes  should  be  written  clear  across  the  page 
within  the  confines  of  the  marginal  lines. 

Students  who  prefer  to  use  pens  should  provide  them- 
selves with  Pitman  "  Fono  "  Series  note-books,  which 
contain  smooth  paper  with  a  hard  surface  which  is  not 
too  highly  glazed. 

Blackboard 

The  blackboard  should  be  freely  used  by  teachers  so  that 
students  may  have  the  opportunity  of  visualizing  the 
shorthand  outlines. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

Students  with  weak  eyesight  should  be  assigned  to  the 
front  seats.  General  permission  should  be  given  the 
students  to  walk  to  the  board  at  any  time  and  examine 
shorthand  outlines  that  may  not  be  perfectly  distinct 
to  them  from  their  seats. 

The  chalk  should  be  sufficiently  soft  to  indicate  clearly 
the  proper  shading  of  the  heavy  strokes. 

The  Teacher's  outlines  should  be  models  for  the  class 
to  imitate. 

Students  assigned  to  do  board  work  should  follow  the 
method  of  practice  required  in  note-book  writing.  Both 
teacher  and  students  should  cross  out,  not  erase  or  patch, 
incorrect  or  imperfectly  formed  outlines. 

Vocabulary  Note -books 

Each  student  should  provide  herself  with  a  memorandum 
book  with  ruled  lines  in  which  to  record,  in  ink,  the 
following  : 

a.  The  longhand  and  the  shorthand  of  the  special 
words   contained  in  the  vocabulary  list  of  the 
current  term. 

b.  The  longhand  and  the  shorthand  of  words  or 
phrases  to  which  attention  has  been  directed  in 
class  and  the  outlines  of  which  have  been  tempor- 
arily recorded  on  the  left  margin  of  the  class 
note-book. 

c.  The  correct  longhand  and  shorthand  of  words 
written  incorrectly  in  class  dictation. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

d.  The  correct  longhand  and  shorthand  of  words 
written  incorrectly  on  tests. 

e.  The    correct    spelling    of    words    misspelled    in 
transcripts. 

f.  The  dictionary  definitions  of  unfamiliar  words  or 
terms  contained  in  assignments. 


3.   THE  TEACHER'S  DAILY  LESSON  PLAN 

In  order  to  complete  the  work  outlined,  it  is  necessary 
for  the  teacher  to  prepare  very  carefully  a  lesson  plan 
for  each  recitation. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  term,  the  teacher  should  ascertain 
the  number  of  school  days  in  the  current  term  in  order 
to  include  in  each  lesson  assignment  a  proportionate 
part  of  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE. 

As  various  parts  of  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE  may  be 
practised  concurrently  with  other  parts,  lessons  should  be 
planned  so  as  to  include  selections  from  the  several 
text  books. 

All  dictation  matter  should  be  edited  before  it  is  dictated 
in  class. 

The  teacher  should  list  the  difficult  words  and  phrases  in 
the  new  lesson  in  order  to  acquaint  the  class  with  the 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

correct  outlines  immediately  after  the  lesson  assignment 
has  been  given. 

After  transcripts  have  been  corrected  and  returned  to 
the  students,  the  home  assignment  should  always  include 
a  careful  comparison  of  the  original  shorthand  notes 
with  the  transcript,  and  again  with  the  shorthand  notes 
of  the  second  dictation  of  the  same  matter. 

The  review  work  should  be  systematically  planned  so 
that  students  may  drill  daily  on  the  principles  of  short- 
hand, grammalogs,  phrases,  common  contractions, 
common  distinguishing  outlines,  and  the  vocabulary  of 
the  current  term.  Selections  from  each  of  these  groups 
should  be  made. 

All  assignments  should  be  possible  of  accomplishment 
by  the  students.  Careful  consideration  should  be  given 
to  the  amount  of  time  required  for  a  student  to  complete 
an  assignment  in  a  scholarly  manner. 

The  lesson  assignment  should  be  planned  under  two 
heads : 

a.  THE  NEW  LESSON. 

b.  THE  DAILY  REVIEW  ASSIGNMENT. 

Both  assignments  should  be  definitely  written  in  the 
lesson  plan  so  that  they  may  be  readily  given  to  the 
students. 

a.    THE  NEW  LESSON 

In  addition  to  contractions  and  phrases,  the  new  lesson 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM    III 

should  include  straight  matter  selected  from  the  several 
text  books. 

The  difficult  words  and  phrases  taught  in  class  and 
contained  in  the  particular  exercise  assigned  should  be 
required  to  be  repeatedly  practised. 

Outlines  recorded  in  the  margins  of  students'  note-books 
during  the  day's  recitation  should  always  be  included 
in  the  lesson  assignment  for  the  following  day. 

As  often  as  possible  a  dictation  of  one  hundred  (100)  to 
one  hundred  fifty  (150)  words  should  be  given  for  home 
transcription.  This  should  be  read  and  corrected  in 
class  the  next  day. 

From  time  to  time  students  should  be  required  to  record 
in  shorthand  an  article  of  about  two  hundred  words  on 
a  subject  of  general  interest  selected  from  a  newspaper, 
pamphlet,  or  magazine  ;  the  clipping  should  be  attached 
to  the  shorthand  notes. 


b.   THE  DAILY  REVIEW  ASSIGNMENT 
1 .    The  principles  of  shorthand. 

As  the  basis  of  speed  is  found  in  the  correct  application 
of  the  principles  of  shorthand,  students  should  be 
required  to  review,  in  regular  order,  all  the  principles 
of  shorthand.  The  engraved  shorthand  examples  illus- 
trating the  text,  and  the  engraved  shorthand  exercises, 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

should  be  assigned  for  home  drill.  The  longhand  should 
precede  the  shorthand  outlines  of  words. 

2.  Grammalogs. 
Phrases. 

Common  contractions. 
Distinguishing  outlines. 

Each  day  throughout  the  term  a  proportionate  number 
of  grammalogs,  phrases,  common  contractions,  and 
common  distinguishing  outlines  should  be  assigned  for 
home  drill  so  that  within  the  course  of  two  weeks  all 
of  these  signs  will  have  been  practised  to  the  extent 
needed  by  each  individual  student.  The  word  in 
longhand,  correctly  spelled,  should  precede  the  shorthand 
character. 

3.  Vocabulary. 

The  outlines  of  five  words  selected  from  the  vocabulary 
of  the  current  term  should  be  assigned  for  home  drill. 


4.   TEACHING   STUDENTS   HOW  TO 
STUDY 

a.  Comparison  with  blackboard  outlines 

A  student's  success  in  phonography  depends  very  largely 
upon  his  ability  to  make  accurate  decisions  when  com- 
paring his  own  outlines  with  the  correct  outlines  which 
have  been  placed  on  the  blackboard  for  the  purpose  of 
comparison. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

Notable  loss  in  scholarship  results  from  false  judgments, 
for  the  reason  that  the  outlines  of  undiscovered  errors 
are  practised  repeatedly  in  the  same  way  in  the  home 
assignments. 

As  the  mental  processes  involved  in  forming  a  judgment 
call  for  the  exercise  of  the  highest  faculties  of  the  mind, 
it  is  suggested  that  the  students  who  are  unable  to 
make  an  accurate  judgment  at  a  glance  compare  the 
parts  of  an  outline  in  the  following  order  : 

1.  The  position  of  the  outline. 

2.  The  consonants  :    form,  shading,  length. 

3.  Any  initial,  medial,  or  final  hook,  circle,  or  loop. 

4.  The  vowels  :   their  signs  and  places. 


b.  Practising  the  home  assignment 

In  order  to  accomplish  satisfactory  results  in  the  study 
of  stenography,  it  is  necessary  for  students  to  con- 
centrate closely  while  practising  the  home  assignments. 
Scholarship  in  technique  can  be  secured  in  no  other  way. 
When  students  are  impressed  by  their  improvement  in 
scholarship  attained  through  close  concentration,  this 
consciousness  of  progress  is  a  strong  incentive  to  further 
effort  and  begets  courage  and  confidence — qualities 
essential  for  successful  work  in  stenography. 

Experiments  have  proved  that  the  concentration  of  the 
average  student  begins  to  diminish  before  one  line  of 
the  same  shorthand  outline  has  been  completed,  and 
that  the  practice  of  writing  in  succession  two  or  more 

2— (438) 


10  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM    III 

lines  of  the  same  shorthand  outline  too  often  results  in  the 
last  outline  being  the  most  poorly  formed  of  the  series. 

In  a  subject  like  stenography  where  shorthand  characters 
have  to  be  practised  repeatedly  before  the  writer  attains 
skill,  it  is  important  that  the  teacher  devise  a  pedagogical 
and  interesting  method  of  practice  that  will  lead  steadily 
to  scholarship  in  technique.  It  is  therefore  recom- 
mended that  the  following  method  of  practice  be  adopted 
and  that  the  teacher  explain  the  method  clearly  to  the 
students  and  demonstrate  it  on  the  blackboard. 

The  teacher  should  try  to  inculcate  in  the  students  the 
habit  of  examining  their  home  assignment  critically  upon 
its  completion  in  order  to  discover  and  correct  any 
violations  of  the  principles  of  the  system. 

1 .  Grammalogs. 
Contractions. 
Phrases. 

Distinguishing  outlines. 
Vocabulary  drill. 


a.  The  home  work  paper  should  be  ruled  vertically 
for  four  columns  of  work ;    no  margins  are 
required. 

b.  The  longhand  of  all  items  assigned  should  be 
written  above  the  red  line  and  close  to  the 
preceding  line  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
outlines  of  first  position  words. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  11 

TERM    III 

c.  After  the  longhand  of  review  words,  contrac- 
tions, etc.  has  been  written,  the  student  should 
close  the  text  book  and  write  once  from  memory 
the  shorthand  outline  of  each  longhand  item. 
This  should  be  followed  by  verification  and  the 
correction  of  any  errors  that  may  have  been 
discovered. 

d.  Students  should  now  write  as  many  shorthand 
outlines  of  each  word  or  phrase  as  the  allotted 
space  permits,   saying  aloud  the  name  while 
writing  the  form. 

The   specimen   on   the   following   page   illustrates   the 
method  of  practice. 

2.  New  words. 

The  outlines  of  new  words  assigned  from  printed 
copy  which  contain  consonantal  sounds  which 
may  be  represented  in  two  or  more  ways  should 
be  written  by  the  students  only  once  until  the 
form  has  been  verified. 

The  outlines  of  new  words,  contractions,  or 
phrases  assigned  from  engraved  shorthand 
should  be  copied  once  at  the  time  the  longhand 
is  written.  After  verification,  the  outlines 
should  be  practised  as  illustrated. 

3.  Engraved  shorthand  exercises. 

Students  should  be  able  to  read  engraved  short- 
hand exercises  fluently  before  they  drill  on  the 
outlines. 


12        Name  Section  Date 


•CcvnsQjjUiLG^ 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  13 

TERM   III 

Two  excellent  methods  of  practice  are  described 


below  : 


Intensive  drill  may  be  secured  if  each  outline 
is  written  three  or  more  times  in  succession,  the 
student  saying  aloud  each  word  6r  phrase  while 
forming  the  character.  The  more  difficult  out- 
lines should  be  written  over  and  over  again, 
provided  the  student  continues  to  practise  with 
concentration. 


The   specimen   on   the   following  page   illustrates   the 
method  of  practice. 


b.  After  copying  a  complete  line  of  engraved 
shorthand  matter,  the  student  should  leave 
the  following  four  lines  blank  for  purposes  of 
repetition.  Each  word  or  phrase  should  be  said 
aloud  while  the  character  is  being  formed. 

The  specimen  on  page  15  shows  the  method  of  preparing 
the  page  for  practice. 


4.    Other  straight  matter. 

Straight  matter  dictated  in  class  and  corrected 
should  be  practised  in  exactly  the  same  manner 
as  the  engraved  shorthand  exercises. 


14        Name  Section  Date 

Exercise  103 
Shorthand  Instructor 


MUM 


Name  Section  Date  15 

Exercise  103 

\ 

/"*\       s 


<-\      rf  <.    N 


16  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

5.     STUDENTS'   HOME  WORK 

• 

Each  student  should  write  on  the  top  line  of  her  home 
work  paper  her  name,  section,  and  the  date  on  which 
the  work  is  due. 

The  regular  assignment  and  the  review  assignment 
should  be  credited  in  the  teacher's  daily  record  book. 

Students  who  were  unable  to  do  the  assignment  on 
account  of  personal  illness  should  present  notes  of  excuse 
signed  by  a  parent.  This  work  should  be  made  up  as 
soon  as  possible. 

Other  students  who  fail  to  bring  their  home  work  should 
write  a  note  of  explanation  and  hand  it  in  in  lieu  of  the 
assignment,  which  should  be  brought  the  next  day. 

The  teacher  should  see  that  the  home  work  corresponds 
to  the  assignment  and  that  it  is  performed  according 
to  the  directions  given. 

Home  work  which  bears  evidence  of  carelessness  should 
not  be  credited  but  should  be  returned  to  be  rewritten. 

The  home  work  of  weak  students  should  receive 
particular  attention. 

Students  who  return  to  school  after  an  absence  of  two 
or  three  days  should  first  do  the  regular  assignment 
for  the  succeeding  day  and  later  make  up  the  back 
work. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  17 

TERM   III 

6.     SENTENCE   STRUCTURE 
PUNCTUATION 
SPELLING 
THE  USE  OF  A  DICTIONARY 

An  examination  of  students'  transcripts  will  usually 
show  that  the  errors  in  English  greatly  outnumber  the 
errors  caused  by  lack  of  knowledge  of  the  principles  of 
phonography. 

Too  many  students  fail  to  comprehend  when  a  group 
of  words  deciphered  from  stenographic  notes  should 
be  a  sentence  by  itself  or  form  part  of  another  sentence  ; 
consequently,  fragments  of  sentences  are  frequently 
presented. as  expressions  of  complete  thought. 

The  grammatical  errors  and  the  senseless  transcripts 
which  result  from  the  transcription  of  with  for  that, 
all  for  of,  so  for  us,  him  for  may,  quite  for  act,  their  for 
they  are,  etc.,  can  scarcely  be  excused  on  the  ground  of 
similarity  of  shorthand  forms.  Students  may  not  place 
absolute  reliance  on  the  perfection  of  all  their  shorthand 
characters.  Slight  mistakes  in  form,  shading,  or  position 
are  practically  inevitable  under  the  pressure  of  rapid 
note-taking  ;  but  it  is  expected  that  the  high  school 
student's  knowledge  of  English  will  aid  him  in  selecting 
the  correct  word  when  two  words  of  different  parts  of 
speech  are  represented  by  the  same  shorthand  outline 
or  by  forms  which  are  similar. 

The  comma  fault  and  the  period  fault — the  despair  of 


18  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM    III 

teachers — spring  from  one  fundamental  deficiency — 
failure  to  recognize  the  distinction  between  the  integral 
syntactic  unit  and  constituent,  or  subordinate,  units. 

While  students,  as  a  rule,  use  commas  superfluously,  at 
the  same  time  they  often  fail  to  insert  commas  when 
needed  to  separate  clauses,  to  set  off  a  parenthetical  or 
independent  element,  to  mark  a  series  of  words  or 
phrases,  to  introduce  a  quotation,  or  to  indicate  a  pause 
for  the  sake  of  clearness.  The  semicolon  is  seldom 
employed,  the  comma  or  the  period  being  used  instead. 

Other  errors  in  English  include  the  misspelling  of  many 
common  words  which  high  school  students  should  be 
expected  to  spell  correctly  ;  wrong  syllabication  ;  the 
improper  compounding  of  words ;  the  omission  of 
required  hyphens  ;  the  incorrect  use  of  capital  letters  ; 
unauthorized  abbreviations ;  and  violations  of  the 
fundamental  principle  of  paragraphing. 

/\ 

/As  the  teacher  of  stenography  is  responsible  not  only 

for  the  correct  interpretation  of  the  shorthand  notes, 
but  also  for  the  grammar,  sentence  structure,  and  the 
mechanics  of  writing  employed  in  transcripts,  the 
chairman  deemed  it  advisable  for  the  department  of 
stenography  to  prepare  a  syllabus  in  English  for  the  use 
of  the  students  in  terms  III  and  IV  of  the  secretarial 
course. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  term,  each  student  should  be 
provided  with  the  English  text  book  and  a  list  of  the 
home  assignments  'to  be  studieoTcturing  the  term. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  19 

TERM   III 

The  teacher  should  explain  in  detail  to  the  class  the  scope 
of  the  work  outlined  in  English,  carefully  instructing  the 
students  in  the  use  of  the  text  book  and  the  method  of 
practising  the  home  assignments. 

After  an  exercise  has  been  assigned  for  home  study,  it 
should  be  dictated  in  class,  transcribed,  and  corrected, 
in  order  to  afford  the  students  an  opportunity  to  apply 
the  rules. 


The  Use  of  a  Dictionary 

One  of  the  most  valuable  services  the  teacher  can  render 
to  the  students  of  the  secretarial  course  is  to  train  them 
to  a  competent  and  ready  use  of  the  dictionary  and 
fix  the  habit  of  consulting  it. 

A  stenographer  should  be  sure  that  every  word  in  a 
transcript  is  spelled  correctly,  that  the  syllabication  is 
proper,  that  the  use  or  non-use  of  the  hyphen  is  author- 
ized, etc.  These  points  can  be  ascertained  only  by 
frequent  reference  to  a  dictionary. 

The  dictionary  must  also  be  frequently  consulted  for 
pronunciation.  The  symbols  used  in  the  phonetic 
spelling  for  pronunciation  should  be  understood  by 
the  students. 

The  best  dictionaries  are  Webster's  International  Dic- 
tionary, The  Century  Dictionary,  The  Standard 
Dictionary,  and  Murray's  New  English  Dictionary. 


20  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

7.    THE  CONDUCT   OF  THE  DAILY 
RECITATION 

The  conduct  of  the  daily  recitation  should  include  the 
following  : 

a.  The  record  of  attendance. 

b.  The  collection  of  the  home  assignment. 

c.  The  assignment  of  the  next  day's  lesson  ;    the 
dictation  and  correction  of  the  difficult    words 
and    phrases    contained  in  the  new  assignment 
and  listed  in  teacher's  lesson  plan  ;  explanation  of 
the  method  of  practising  the  assignment. 

d.  Presentation  of  the  new  lesson. 

e.  Drill  on  the    difficult  words    and    phrases    con- 
tained in  previous  day's  assignment  in  order  that 
the    exercise    may    be    dictated    later    without 
interruption. 

f .  Review  of  theory  to  the  extent  possible  ;   drill  on 
the  shorthand  outlines  of  five  words  in  the  current 
term's  vocabulary  ;   drill  on  grammalogs,  phrases, 
contractions,  and  distinguishing  outlines. 

g.  Blackboard   illustrations    of    outlines ;     phonetic 
analysis  of  difficult  words  ;    careful  comparison 
by  students  ;    correction  of  errors  ;   inspection  of 
note-books  by  teacher  while  students  are  making 
comparison  and  correction. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  21 

TERM   III 

h.    Dictation  of  straight  matter. 

i.  Close  observation  of  students'  notes  during  the 
process  of  note-taking. 

j.  The  reading  aloud  by  individual  students  of  a 
portion  of  the  matter  dictated. 

k.  Close  observation  of  the  notes  of  the  student  who 
is  reading  aloud. 

1.  Cultivating  in  students  the  habit  at  all  times  of 
correcting  their  shorthand  errors. 

m.  Occasionally  a  student  should  read  from  her  home 
assignment  the  shorthand  notes  of  the  article 
copied  from  a  newspaper  or  magazine,  the  teacher 
holding  the  clipping  for  purposes  of  comparison. 
The  remainder  of  the  class  should  take  the  dicta- 
tion as  the  student  reads.  The  correct  forms 
of  difficult  outlines  should  be  placed  on  the 
blackboard. 

n.  The  accomplishment,  so  far  as  possible,  of  the 
amount  of  work  planned. 


8.   ATTAINING   SPEED 

There  should  be  nojieliberate  attempt  on  the  part  of  a 
teacher  to  "  sp_e£d-^'  a  class,  that  is,  to  dictate  at  a  rate 
considerably  faster  than  the  majority  of  the  class  can 


22 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM    III 

record  and  at  the  same  time  apply  the  principles  cor- 
rectly. If  such  a  practice  were  adopted,  accuracy 
would  be  sacrificed  to  speed  and  scholarship  in  technique 
would  be  impossible  ;  our  AIM  OF  INSTRUCTION  could 
not  be  accomplished. 

/•    ^ 

The  mind  and  the  hand  should  be  trained  to  work 
together  harmoniously.  Speed  and  accuracy  depend 
chiefly  upon 

^a.    An   accurate   knowledge    of    the   system   of 
shorthand  practised. 

b.  The    cultivation    of    a   good   pen    or   pencil 
movement. 

c.  A  sound  system  of  phrasing  familiar  groups 
of  words. 

d.  A    thorough    knowledge    of    distinguishing 
outlines. 


e.    Systematic  study  and  practice. 

The  basis  of  speed  is  found  in  the  correct  under- 
standing of  every  principle  of  the  system  of 
shorthand  practised.  Unfamiliar  words  retard 
speed,  therefore  a  vocabulary  of  correct  short- 
hand outlines  is  the  first  essential  to  speed.  The 
fundamental  principles  of  shorthand  should  be 
mastered  at  the  same  time  that  an  extensive 
vocabulary  is  being  acquired. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  23 

TERM   III 

(b)  The  pencil  should  be  held  as  lightly  as  possible 
between  the  thumb  and  the  forefinger,  the  point 
being   at   least   one   inch   from   the   tip   of   the 
forefinger. 

A  light  touch  is  conducive  to  speed.  In  shading 
it  is  not  necessary  to  make  a  deep  stroke  ;  the 
shading  should  be  only  sufficient  to  show  the 
distinction  between  light  and  heavy  strokes.  The 
lighter  the  touch  on  the  unshaded  characters  the 
better  the  chance  of  distinguishing  those  which 
are  shaded. 

(c)  Judicious    phrasing    increases    speed.     Phrases 
should  be  limited  to  groups  of  words  which  occur 
constantly  in  ordinary  usage. 

The  principle  on  which  a  phrase  is  built  should 
be  understood  by  the  students.  Good  phrases 
are  those  where  the  junctions  are  made  easily 
and  without  undue  turning  from  the  regular 
course. 

(d)  There  are  numerous  conflicting  words,  therefore 
mastery  of  the  common  distinguishing  outlines 
is  necessary. 

(e)  Systematic  study  and  practice  cannot  be  dis- 
pensed with  if  new  outlines  are  to  be  added  to 
the  students'  vocabulary. 

The  method  of  practice  described  under  the 
caption  Teaching  students  how  to  study  should  be 
followed. 


24  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

9.   CLASS   DICTATION 

As  students  are  expected  to  acquire  a  large  working 
vocabulary  of  shorthand  outlines,  the  teacher  should 
devote  to  dictation  work  as  much  of  the  class  period 
as  possible. 

The  term's  work  cannot  be  accomplished  if  only  a  few 
minutes'  time  is  allowed  for  dictation  and  the  balance  of 
the  period  spent  on  the  oral  description  of  outlines  of 
words  contained  in  the  exercise  dictated.  The  oral 
description  of  outlines  and  the  quotation  of  rules  have 
their  place  in  the  recitation  period,  but  too  much  time 
cannot  be  spared  for  those  phases  of  the  work  ;  dictation 
should  have  precedence.  Blackboard  illustration  is 
better  than  oral  description,  and  should  always  accom- 
pany the  latter.  Students  should  be  required  to  respond 
quickly  to  questions  on  theory. 

Before  starting  the  dictation,  the  teacher  should  see 
that  the  students  assume  a  correct  writing  position. 
The  students  should  sit  erect.  The  feet  should  be  flat 
on  the  floor.  The  left  elbow  should  rest  on  the  desk  ; 
the  middle  of  the  right  fore-arm  should  be  at  the  edge 
of  the  desk.  While  taking  notes,  students  should  have 
the  edge  of  the  note-book  parallel  with  the  edge  of  the 
desk.  The  note-book  should  never  be  doubled,  but 
should  lie  flat  on  the  desk. 

Students  should  be  taught  how  to  shove  up  the  page  of 
a  note-book  skillfully  while  taking  notes.  Mr.  Nathan 
Behrin,  an  Isaac  Pitman  writer,  holder  of  the  world's 
speed  and  accuracy  records,  and  official  court  reporter 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  25 

TERM   III 

in  the  New  York  Supreme  Court,  under  date  of 
December  3,  1921,  very  kindly  sent  the  head  of  depart- 
ment the  following  description  of  his  method  of  shoving 
up  the  page  : 

"  In  my  daily  court  work  I  use  Pitman's  No.  5 
note-book,  which  is  end  opening.  Before  using  a 
new  book,  I  rustle  the  leaves  and  bend  the  book 
backward  and  forward  so  as  to  loosen  the  leaves 
and  make  sure  that  they  will  not  stick. 

"  Opening  the  cover,  I  commence  writing  on  the 
top  line  of  the  first  page.  The  left  hand  lies  palm 
downward  at  the  top  of  the  page,  the  thumb  resting 
against  the  left  hand  edge  of  the  book,  the  other 
fingers  extended  across  the  page.  After  I  have 
written  on  six  or  seven  lines,  with  the  under  side 
of  my  left  thumb  I  begin  to  raise  the  left  edge  of 
the  page  until  I  can  take  hold  with  my  forefinger 
and  thumb.  I  now  start  the  page  on  its  upward 
slide.  The  thumb  straightens  and  lies  flat  on  the 
left  margin  of  the  page,  and  the  forefinger  resumes 
its  former  straight  position,  but  now  rests  lightly 
against  the  fold  created  by  the  upward  movement 
of  the  page.  Keeping  pace  with  the  writing,  the 
thumb  feeds  the  page  upward  to  the  forefinger, 
which  holds  and  steadies  the  fold  of  the  page  and 
aids  in  the  work  of  feeding  the  page  to  the  other 
fingers.  As  the  writing  reaches  the  last  line,  the 
bottom  of  the  first  page  is  even  with  about  the 
sixth  or  seventh  line  of  the  second  page.  A  quick 
shove  of  the  first  page  sends  it  over,  and  my  right 
hand  is  writing  on  the  top  of  the  second  page. 

3— (438) 


26  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM    III 

"  The  book  lies  flat  all  the  time.  The  right  elbow 
remains  in  practically  the  same  position  on  the 
table.  The  writing  hand  travels  from  left  to  right 
on  a  fixed  plane.  The  page  moves  to  accommodate 
the  writing  hand.  The  transition  from  page  to 
page  is  unnoticeable,  as  we  have  practically  a 
continuous  page. 

"  When  writing  on  the  knee,  the  left  thumb  and 
forefinger  turn  the  pages  in  the  same  manner  as 
when  writing  upon  the  table,  but  the  remaining 
fingers  are  under  the  book,  palm  facing  up,  firmly 
holding  the  book  from  slipping." 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  about  the  size  of  the 
text  book  characters. 

The  habit  of  pausing  until  a  picture  of  the  correct  out- 
line presents  itself  to  the  mind  is  impracticable,  and 
students  should  be  warned  agains£~cuitivatmg  such  a 
practice. 

Students  should  never  trace  "  trial  "  outlines  on  the 
desk,  the  air,  or  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 

Students  should  be  trained  to  record  immediately  in  its 
correct  position  the  first  consonantal  stroke  in  a  word, 
and  to  complete  the  balance  of  the  outline  without 
hesitation. 

Shorthand  notes  should  never  be  erased.  Incorrect 
outlines  should  be  rapidly  crossed  out  and  replaced  by^ 
the  correct  forms. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  27 

TERM   III 

Students  should  be  warned  not  to  introduce  longhand 
in  their  shorthand  notes  either  during  the  process  of 
note-taking  or  later  when  transcribing  the  notes. 

On  the  left  margin  of  the  note-books,  students  should 
record  the  correct  outlines  of  words  written  incorrectly, 
and  also  the  outlines  of  any  other  words  to  which  the 
teacher  has  directed  special  attention  during  the 
recitation. 

In  the  early  weeks  of  the  term,  the" attention  of  the 
students  should  be  concentrated  on  the  form  and  accu- 
racy of  the  outlines.  As  students  add  to  their  vocabu- 
lary of  shorthand  outlines,  less  concentration  is  necessary 
on  outlines  and  more  concentration  is  required  on  the 
subject  matter  and  on  the  grammatical  construction  of 
the  sentences. 

Throughout  the  entire  term  it  is  necessary  for  teachers 
to  give  students  a  great  deal  of  assistance  on  outline 
formation  and  to  remind  them  frequently  to  insert 
necessary  vowels  and  to  phrase  simple  groups  of  words. 

Students  should  be  trained  to  insert  only  the  necessary 
vowels  even  though  there  be  ample  time  to  insert  all 
the  vowels.  The  teacher  should  explain  that  the 
accurate  interpretation  of  shorthand  notes  depends 
largely  upon  well  formed  outlines  written  in  their  correct 
positions. 

The  same  matter  should  be  dictated  several  times  in 
succession  in  order  that  the  vocabulary  contained 
therein  may  be  mastered. 


28  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

Reading  the  Dictation 

At  every  recitation  some  of  the  matter  dictated  should 
be  read  aloud  in  class.  Students  called  upon  to  read 
should  be  required  to  complete  at  least  one  sentence, 
and  should  state  when  a  period  occurs.  The  definitions 
and  spelling  of  unfamiliar  words  or  terms  should  be 
discussed. 

As  many  pupils  as  possible  should  participate  in  the 
reading.  Every  member  of  the  class  should  be  called 
upon  within  two  days,  if  possible.] 

The  reader  should  read  slowly  so  as  to  enable  the  other 
members  of  the  class  to  follow  and  to  correct  their 
shorthand  notes  at  the  same  time  ;  the  reader  should 
correct  her  own  notes  as  she  reads. 

When  a  reader  halts,  she  should  at  once  analyse  aloud 
the  puzzling  outline.  The  teacher  should  make  every 
effort  to  have  the  reader  decipher  her  notes. 

Other  members  of  the  class  should  not  indicate  that  the 
reader  has  made  a  mistake,  or  supply  missing  words 
unless  called  upon  to  do  so. 

Students  should  exchange  note-books  occasionally  and 
read  aloud  one  another's  notes. 


10.   TRANSCRIPTS 

Transcription  work  should  commence  during  the  third 
week  of  the  term  (after  the  review  of  the  theory  is 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  29 

TERM   III 

completed)  in  order  that  students  may  early  see  the 
relation  between  the  taking  of  notes  and  the  transcribing 
of  the  same. 

All  transcription  work  should  be  done  in  the  shorthand 
period  without  encroachment  on  the  typewriting  period. 

Transcriptions  should  be  typewritten  (touch  method) 
unless  a  class  recites  in  a  non-typewriting  room. 

Pen  transcripts  should  be  written  on  8  by  10  ruled  paper  ; 
the  handwriting  should  be  neat  and  legible. 

Throughout  the  term,  the  sentences  designated  in  the 
syllabus  outline  in  English  prepared  especially  for  our 
department  should  be  dictated,  transcribed,  and  cor- 
rected. The  transcription  drill  on  each  kind  of  exercise 
should  be  sufficient  to  enable  the  students  to  transcribe 
correctly  miscellaneous  matter  containing  similar 
sentence  structure,  punctuation,  etc. 

From  the  third  to  the  sixth  week  inclusive,  a  short  test 
of  one  hundred  (100)  to  one  hundred  fifty  (150)  words 
should  be  transcribed  each  week.  The  matter  should  be 
simple,  and  the  dictation  should  be  given  slowly. 

Beginning  the  seventh  week  of  the  term,  and  con- 
tinuing to  the  close  of  the  term,  new  matter  of 
regents'  difficulty  (a  letter  or  an  article)  should  be 
dictated  at  a  definite  rate  of  speed  and  transcribed 
each  week.  The  scope  of  the  tests  should  gradually  be 
increased  to  two  hundred  (200)  words. 


30  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

Students  should  be  allowed  a  reasonable  length  of  time 
to  read  their  notes  before  they  transcribe  them. 

In  order  that  students  may  have  no  misapprehension  as 
to  their  scholarship  in  transcription  work  at  the  various 
rates  of  speed,  and  also  to  enable  weak  students  to 
recognize  early  in  the  term  the  need  of  improving  their 
scholarship,  it  is  recommended  that  classes  be  informed 
of  the  definite  rate  of  speed  at  which  the  weekly  test  is 
given.  Students  should  record  the  rate  in  the  upper 
left  hand  corner  of  the  transcript  in  the  following  form  : 
Dictated  at words  a  minute. 

The  teacher  should  establish  and  maintain  in  the  class 
room  the  standards  required  by  first  class  business 
concerns;  therefore  students  should  not  be  permitted 
to  strike  keys  over,  to  start  words  the  second  time,  to 
indicate  the  elision  of  words,  to  interlineate  omissions, 
etc.  The  teacher  should  explain  to  students  that  the 
business  man  desires  his  dictation  typed  correctly  the 
first  time,  and  that  he  is  unwilling  to  suffer  the  loss  of 
time  and  material  in  having  work  recopied. 

One  duplicate  copy  should  be  made  of  all  typewritten 
transcripts.  Both  the  original  and  the  duplicate  copies 
should  be  collected.  The  shorthand  notes  should 
always  be  attached  to  the  transcript. 

Students  may  correct  in  pencil  on  the  carbon  copy  any 
stenographic  or  typographical  errors  which  they  may 
have  made.  No  corrections  of  any  kind  may  be  made 
on  the  original  copy.  On  pen  transcripts,  errors  may 
be  corrected  by  erasure. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  31 

TERM   III 

Throughout  the  term  students  should  have  practice  in 
transcribing  both  articles  and  business  letters. 

Before  commencing  the  transcription  of  articles,  the 
student  should  write  her  name  and  section,  and  the 
date,  about  two  inches  from  the  top  edge  of  the  paper. 
This  should  be  followed  by  several  double  spaces. 

When  a  dictation  includes  two  or  more  business  letters, 
each  letter  should  be  transcribed  on  a  separate  sheet 
of  paper.  The  multigraphed  letterheads  printed  by  our 
department  should  be  used.  The  student's  name, 
instead  of  being  typewritten  at  the  head  of  the  sheet, 
should  be  rilled  in  as  a  signature. 

All  letters,  whether  typewritten  or  pen  written,  should 
be  written  according  to  the  approved  forms  described 
in  our  Typewriting  Syllabus.  Particular  attention 

should  be  paid  to  margins,  Attention  of  M , 

signatures,  enclosures,  the  dictator's  and  the  typist's 
initials,  etc.  Attractive  form  should  be  the  aim. 

An  envelope  (commercial  or  legal  size)  should  be 
addressed  for  each  business  letter.  The  address  should 
be  typed  in  the  form  approved  by  the  post  office  depart- 
ment. Students  should  have  practice  in  folding  letters 
properly  for  envelopes  of  both  sizes  and  in  enclosing 
them  correctly,  with  and  without  attached  enclosures. 
The  return  address  should  appear  on  each  envelope. 

The  importance  of  accurate  spelling  and  syllabication 
should  be  emphasized.  It  is  recommended  that  students 
be  permitted  to  consult  the  dictionary  excepting  when 
the  mid-term  or  the  end-term  test  is  being  transcribed. 


32  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

11.   CAUSES    OF   ERRORS   IN 
TRANSCRIPTION  WORK  :     REMEDIES 

Students'  errors  in  transcription  work  should  be  traced 
to  their  causes  by  the  teacher  in  order  to  enable  him  to 
prescribe  suitable  remedies. 

Knowledge  of  each  student's  scholarship  in  technique 
can  best  be  ascertained  through  the  examination  of  the 
shorthand  notes  of  dictated  matter.  A  portion  of  the 
shorthand  notes  of  many  of  the  transcriptions  should 
therefore  be  corrected. 

Some  of  the  chief  causes  of  errors  in  transcription  work 
are  listed  below  with  suggested  remedies  for  overcoming 
them. 

Cause 

Habitual  violation  of  the  principles  of  phonography 
while  note-taking,  and  subsequent  inability  to  decipher 
the  notes  accurately. 

Remedy 

In  a  private  conversation  with  each  pupil  whose  work 
is  unsatisfactory,  the  teacher  should  point  out  clearly 
the  nature  of  her  deficiencies,  and  encourage  her  to 
believe  that  she  will  overcome  them  if  she  will  faithfully 
follow  directions.  Impress  her  with  the  necessity  of 
preparing  herself  for  promotion. 

Give  a  definite  review  assignment  of  the  theory,  starting 
at  the  point  you  consider  necessary.  Require  the  student 
to  master  one  principle  thoroughly  before  proceeding  to 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  33 

TERM   III 

the  next.  Caution  the  student  to  represent  all  of  the 
consonantal  strokes  in  a  word  and  to  verify  the  same 
by  repeating  the  consonantal  sounds  aloud  while  forming 
the  strokes  and  again  when  inserting  the  vowel  signs. 
Require  the  complete  vocalization  of  words ;  have 
vowels  inserted  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence.  The 
longhand  of  words  should  accompany  the  shorthand 
outline. 

Additional  word  selections  and  dictation  exercises  may 
be  chosen  from  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and 
Examination  Tests. 

Require  the  student  to  examine  this  review  work  several 
times  in  order  to  see  that  the  particular  principle  is 
properly  applied  ;  that  the  words  are  written  in  their 
proper  position  ;  that  the  vowels  are  in  their  proper 
places  ;  that  the  strokes  are  made  the  proper  length, 
and  are  shaded  correctly.  Explain  to  the  student  the 
advantage  to  her  of  discovering  her  own  mistakes. 

After  this  review  work  has  been  inspected  and  credited 
by  the  teacher,  it  is  suggested  that  it  be  returned  to 
the  student  for  further  practice. 

b.    Cause 

Failure  to  record  an  outline  for  each  word  dictated  because 

1.  The  rate  of  speed  is  beyond  the  capability  of 
the  student. 

2.  The  notes  are  large  and  sprawling. 

3.  Unnecessary  vowels  are  inserted. 


34  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 
Remedy 

Dictate  very  slowly  during  the  class  recitation  and  aim 
to  have  every  student  produce  a  legible  shorthand 
outline  for  each  word  dictated. 

Require  the  engraved  shorthand  notes  in  the  text  books 
to  be  read  and  copied  repeatedly  so  that  students  may 
imitate  the  size  and  style  ;  require  compactly  written 
notes. 

Require  the  insertion  of  only  necessary  vowels.  Empha- 
size the  fact  that  clear  outlines  and  correct  position 
writing  should  result  in  the  accurate  reading  of  notes. 

c.  Cause 

Illegibly  written  notes  because  the  dictation  is  too  fast 
for  the  student,  who  is  consequently  unable  to  pay 
sufficient  attention  to  form. 

Remedy 

Dictate  slowly  enough  to  make  it  possible  for  the 
students  to  complete  in  good  form  the  consonantal 
representation  of  each  word  dictated  and  at  the  same 
time  to  insert  all  necessary  vowel  signs. 

d.  Cause 

General  carelessness  in  writing  the  shorthand  notes  as 
evidenced  by 

1.  Failure  to  write  words  in  their  proper  positions. 

2.  Failure  to  represent  all  of  the  consonants  in  a  word. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  35 

TERM   III 

3.  Failure  to  represent  the  final  s  or  z  sound. 

4.  Too  much  pressure  on  light  strokes  and  subsequent 
inability  to  distinguish  them  from  heavy  strokes. 

5.  Not    making    the    proper    distinction    in    length 
between  tick  strokes,  regular  strokes,  half  length 
strokes,  and  double  length  strokes. 

6.  Not  sufficiently  distinguishing  in  size  between  the 
large  and  the  small  initial  and  final  circles  ;    the 
large  and  the  small  initial  hooks  on  curves ;    the 
large  and  the  small  final  hooks ;   the  circle  s  and 
the  st  loop  ;   and  the  st  and  sir  loops. 

7.  Violation  of  the  Sh,  L,  R,  or  H  rules. 

8.  Failure  to  vocalize  judiciously. 


Remedy 

1.  Train  students  to  note  the  sound  of  the  vowel  or 
the  accented  vowel  in  each  word  uttered,  and  to 
start  immediately  to  write  the  word  in  its  correct 
position.     A  little  class  practice  in  pronouncing 
quickly  words  of  two  or  more  syllables  should 
enable  students  to  overcome  any  deficiency  in 
this  respect. 

2.  In  practising  the  home  assignments,  and  in  writing 
slow  dictation  in  class,  the  students  should  say 
the  sounds  mentally  while  forming  the  strokes. 


36  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

3.  Caution  students  to  listen  attentively  to  the  final 
s-z  sound  in  words,  and  to  represent  the  circle  in 
their  shorthand  notes. 

4.  Require  light  strokes  made  with  the  least  possible 
pressure  so  that  the  slightly  heavier  strokes  may 
be  easily  distinguishable. 

5.  Have  the  class  practice  under  your  supervision 
tick  strokes,  regular  length,  half  length,  and  double 
length  strokes.     Advise  each  student   to  adopt 
for  her  own  characters  a  definite  size  for  each  of 
the  four  different  lengths  and  not  to  vary  these 
sizes  while  note-taking. 

Show  the  need  for  half  length  strokes  to  be  made 
about  one  third  the  length  of  regular  strokes,  and 
double  length  strokes  considerably  longer  than 
double  the  length  of  regular  strokes. 

6.  Require  the  small  hooks  and  circles  to  be  made  as 
small  as  possible,  and  the  large  hooks  and  circles 
generously  large.     There  should  be  no  medium 
sizes. 

7.  Give  intensive  drill  on  words  containing  Sh,  L,  R, 
or  H  initially,  finally,  and  medially,  in  order  to 
enable  students  to  select  the  proper  form  without 
hesitation. 

Explain  the  principle  of  vowel  indication  with 
regard  to  the  forms  of  L  and  R ;  illustrate  the 
essentials  of  good  outline  formation  when  the 
stroke  L  or  R  occurs  medially. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  37 


TERM   III 

8.    Inform  students  that  j  udicious  vocalization  requires 

a.  The  insertion  of  the  vowel  in  words  containing 
only  one  stroke. 

b.  The  insertion  of  the  initial  vowel  when  the  first 
stroke  does  not  indicate  that  a  vowel  precedes. 

c.  The  insertion  of  the  final  vowel  when  the  last 
stroke  does  not  indicate  that  a  vowel  follows. 

d.  The  insertion  of  a  medial  vowel  when  necessary. 

e.  The  insertion  of  a  diphthong,  a  triphone,  or  a 
diphone,  when  necessary. 

e.    Cause 

Misreading  correctly  written  shorthand  notes,  as 
shown  by 

1.  Transcribing  a  for  the  and  vice  versa. 

2.  Adding  or  omitting  final  S-Z  sounds. 

3.  Misinterpreting  the  shading  of  strokes. 

4.  Selecting  the  wrong  homonym. 

Remedy 

Acquaint  class  with  errors  in  transcripts  directly  trace- 
able to  carelessness  in  reading  shorthand  notes  which 
have  been  correctly  written. 

448327 


38  .  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III  , 

Train  students  to  read  their  transcripts  critically  (in 
the  light,  as  it  were,  of  recipients)  in  order  to  discover 
any  errors  which  they  may  have  made. 

Assign  for  study  the  homonym  exercise  in  the 
English  syllabus  of  the  stenography  department. 

f.     Cause 

Deficiency  in  English,  as  shown  by 

1.  Improper  sentence  structure  and  punctuation. 

2.  Misspelling,   wrong  syllabication,   incorrect  com- 
pounding of  words,  etc. 

3.  Lack  of  knowledge  of  common  words  contained 
in  the  dictation,  such  words  either  being  omitted 
altogether  from  the  transcript  or  incorrect  words 
substituted  for  them. 

Remedy 

1.  Repeated  drill  on  the  classified  series  of  exercises 
in  the  elementary  principles  of  English  writing  as 
outlined  in  the  English  syllabus  prepared  especially 
for  the  use  of  our  department. 

Inform  students  that  in  addition  to  concentrating 
on  the  subject  matter  while  taking  dictation,  they 
must  note  the  grammatical  construction  of  the 
sentences  and  insert  a  period  in  their  shorthand 
notes  at  the  completion  of  an  integral  syntactic 
unit. 

Require  students  when  reading  aloud  in  class  to 
state  when  a  period  occurs. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  39 

TERM   III 

2.  Train     students     in     the     habit    of     consulting 
the    dictionary.      Inform    them    that    accurate 
transcriptions  cannot  be  obtained  otherwise. 

Require  the  correct  spelling  of  all  words  assigned 
for  home  work. 

3.  Advise  students  to  consult  the  dictionary  for  the 
meanings  of  all  unfamiliar  words  or  expressions, 
to  copy  the  definitions  in  their  vocabulary  note- 
books, and  to  use  the  words  in  their  conversations 
and  writings.     Bring  to  the  attention  of  the  class 
errors  in  transcripts  caused  by  deficiency  in  the 
knowledge    of    English    words    or    expressions. 
Cooperate  to  the  fullest  extent  with  the  teacher 
of  English. 

g.    Cause 

Failure  to  concentrate  on  the  subject  matter  when 
taking  dictation. 

Remedy 

Inform  students  that  in  addition  to  writing  shorthand 
outlines,  a  stenographer  must  concentrate  on  the  subject 
matter  while  taking  notes.  Explain  to  them  that  even 
though  an  experienced  reporter  may  appear  to  be 
recording  notes  mechanically,  he  is,  nevertheless, 
constantly  following  with  an  alert  consciousness  the 
speaker's  thought. 

Occasionally,  test  the  students'  power  of  concentration 
by  calling  for  an  oral  abstract  of  a  brief  dictation 
exercise. 


40  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 
h.    Cause 

The  alteration  of  the  original  shorthand  notes  to 
correspond  to  the  student's  hasty  interpretation. 

Remedy 

Students  should  be  advised  not  to  substitute  other 
shorthand  notes  for  any  original  outlines  which  may 
at  first  be  undecipherable. 

Inform  them  that  skill  in  transcription  work  will  be 
acquired  with  continued  practice,  and  that  it  is  necessary 
for  the  original  notes  to  be  retained  without  alteration 
or  substitution. 

i.     Cause 

Failure  to  verify  each  word  in  the  transcript  with  each 
shorthand  outline. 

Remedy 

Require  students  to  verify  their  transcripts  word  for 
word  with  their  original  shorthand  outlines. 


12.  TESTS  AND  THEIR  VALUE 

Tests  have  a  twofold  value  : 

a.  To  disclose  to  each  student  her  scholarship  in 
the  subject  matter. 

b.  To   disclose   to   the   teacher   the   scholarship   of 
each  member  of  his  class. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  41 


TERM    III 

For  these  two  reasons,  therefore,  frequent  tests  are 
necessary.  The  tests  should  be  brief  and  not  unduly 
severe.  The  results  of  the  tests  determine  the  promotion 
of  students. 

Students  who  pass  tests  should  be  commended  in  class, 
not  only  to  stimulate  them  to  further  effort,  but  to 
show  to  the  students  who  failed  that  intelligent  study 
and  faithful  practice  always  secure  good  results. 

All  test  papers,  with  the  percentages  plainly  marked 
thereon,  should  be  returned  to  students  at  the  recitation 
following  the  test,  if  possible,  so  that  the  value  of  the 
test  may  not  be  diminished  by  delay. 

Class  time  will  be  saved  if  students  work  overnight  on 
the  word  test  papers  returned  to  them,  and  come 
prepared  the  following  day  with  the  correct  outlines. 

After  returning  transcript  tests,  the  teacher  should  read 
the  matter  dictated  while  students  make  a  comparison 
with  their  transcripts. 

After  the  correct  forms  of  the  difficult  outlines  have 
been  illustrated  on  the  blackboard,  the  teacher  should 
dictate  the  matter  again  in  order  to  enable  the  students 
to  compare  these  outlines  with  the  notes  of  the  original 
dictation. 

Students  should  find  out  for  themselves  why  they  mis- 
transcribed their  notes.  They  will  profit  by  their  errors 
only  in  so  far  as  they  may  make  careful  comparisons. 

4— (438) 


42  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

13.   FREQUENT   TESTS 

As  the  rules  of  promotion  require  students  to  apply  the 
principles  of  phonography  while  note-taking,  it  is  neces- 
sary for  the  teacher  to  test  the  students  frequently  on 
the  following  phases  of  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE  : 

a.  Grammalogs 
Contractions 
Phrases 
Vocabulary 

Short  tests  (25-35  items)  should  be  given  fre- 
quently (once  a  week,  if  possible)  throughout 
the  term. 

Where  this  practice  is  followed,  it  will  be  unneces- 
sary to  test  students  further  on  these  points  at 
mid-term  or  end-term. 

b.  Transcripts 

The  directions  under  this  caption  in  the  syllabus 
of  the  current  term,  Chapter  I,  Instructions  to 
teachers,  should  be  carefully  followed. 

c.  The  Shorthand  Notes  of  Dictated 

Exercises 

A  portion  of  the  shorthand  notes  of  matter 
dictated  and  transcribed  should  be  examined 
and  rated  separately  from  the  transcription. 
There  should  also  be  occasional  tests  on  straight 
matter  dictated  and  not  transcribed. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  43 

TERM   III 

14.   MARKING   FREQUENT   TESTS 

At  the  beginning  of  each  term,  the  teacher  should  explain 
to  the  students  the  standards  of  the  department  and  the 
schedule  of  marking  errors  on  the  various  kinds  of  tests. 

It  is  especially  important  that  students  understand  the 
points  for  which  deductions  are  made  on  word  tests, 
as  most  of  the  errors  are  due  to  carelessness  and  would 
probably  be  avoided  if  the  students  were  familiar  with 
our  schedule  of  marking. 

Minimum  Deduction 
for  each  Error 

a.  Grammalogs  (25-35)         .     .     10% 

b.  Contractions     (25-35) 

1.  Common  contractions  .      .     10% 

2.  Other  contractions        .      .       5% 

c.  Phrases     (25-35) 


1.  Simple  phrases  .      .      .      .     10% 

2.  Other  phrases    ....       5% 


d.    Words    (25-35) 

1.  Review  words    ....     10% 

2.  Other  words       ....       5% 


44  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   III 

Full  deduction  should  be  made  for  each  of  the 
following  errors  : 

1.  Incorrect  outline. 

2.  Incorrect  position  of  outline. 

3.  Improper  shading  of  strokes. 

4.  Improper  placing  of  vowel  or  diphthong. 

5.  Improper  shading  of  vowel. 

6.  Failure  to  join  an  initial  or  final  diphthong 
when  required. 

7.  Improperly  formed  strokes. 

8.  Strokes  disproportionate  in  length. 

9.  Omission  of  a  necessary  vowel,  diphthong, 
triphone,  or  diphone. 

e.     Transcripts 

The  following  schedule  for  marking  errors  in  transcripts 
corresponds  proportionately  to  the  regents'  schedule. 

On  tests  other  than  mid-term  or  end-term,  repeated 
words,  misspelled  words,  and  incorrect  sentence  con- 
struction are  classified  as  major  errors  in  order  to  con- 
form to  the  standards  of  the  business  world.  Deduction 
is  also  made  for  each  minor  error  instead  of  allowing  a 
maximum  charge  for  all  minor  errors. 

Deduction  for  each       Deduction  for  each 
Scope  of  Tests :         Major  Error  Minor  Error 

100  words  .  10    credits         One-half  credit 

200  words  5 

300  words  .  3£ 

400  words  .  2| 

500  words  .  2 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  45 

TERM   III 

MAJOR  ERRORS  : 

1.  Omitted  word. 

2.  Added  word. 

3.  Substituted  word. 

4.  Transposition  of  words. 

5.  Use  of  longhand  in  notes  except  for  proper  names 
and  figures. 

6.  Erasure  of  longhand  in  notes  and  replacement  by 
shorthand. 

7.  Repeated  word. 

8.  Misspelled  word. 

9.  Incorrect  sentence  construction. 


MINOR  ERRORS  : 

1.  Error  in  capitalization,  paragraphing,  or  punctua- 
tion other  than  sentence  construction. 

2.  Incorrect  division  of  word  at  the  end  of  a  line. 

3.  Omission  of  hyphen  when  required. 

4.  Unauthorized  abbreviation  of  words. 


f.     Allowance  for  Corrections  made  by 
Students 

Half  credit  may  be  allowed  for  corrections  made 
by  students  on  pen  transcripts  or  on  the  carbon 
copy  of  typewritten  transcripts. 

All  credit  for  corrections  may  be  withheld  if  there 
is  evidence  of  careless  transcribing. 


46  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM   III 

g.    Marking  the  Shorthand  Notes  of 
Dictated  Exercises 

When  tests  consist  of  straight  matter  dictated  but 
not  transcribed,  the  deduction  for  errors  in  short- 
hand is  the  same  as  for  major  errors  in  transcripts, 
and  varies  according  to  the  scope  of  the  test. 

Full  deduction  should  be  made  if  simple  groups  of 
words  are  not  phrased. 

When  both  the  shorthand  notes  and  the  transcripts 
are  corrected,  teachers  should  give  students  two 
ratings,  one  for  scholarship  in  technique  and  the 
other  for  scholarship  in  transcription  work. 


15.   STUDENTS'   RECORDS 

As  the  requirements  for  promotion  prescribe  a  minimum 
degree  of  scholarship  in  technique  and  the  attainment 
of  a  definite  rate  of  speed  at  which  shorthand  notes  are 
taken  down  and  transcribed  satisfactorily,  the  teacher 
should  keep  a  percentage  record  of  each  student's  work 
under  the  following  heads  : 

a.  Scholarship    in    Technique,    which     shall 

include 

1 .  Grammalogs. 

2.  Contractions. 

3.  Phrases. 

4.  Words. 

5.  The  shorthand  notes  of  dictated  matter. 

b.  Transcription  Work 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  47 


TERM  III 


16.   DEFICIENT   STUDENTS 

The  scope  of  the  tests  given  during  the  first  three  weeks 
of  the  term  should  be  sufficiently  comprehensive  to 
enable  the  teacher  to  ascertain  the  SCHOLARSHIP  IN 
TECHNIQUE  of  each  individual  member  of  the  class. 

Students  who  are  grossly  deficient  in  the  theory  and  who 
are  therefore  unable  to  sustain  themselves  satisfactorily 
should  be  reported  to  the  head  of  department  at  the 
beginning  of  the  fourth  week  of  the  term. 

Specimens  of  each  student's  work  should  accompany 
the  report. 


48  .Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

17.   THE   MID-TERM   TEST 

a.  Scope  of  Test  : 

Four  hundred  (400)  words  of  new  matter  of  regents' 
difficulty  to  be  divided  as  follows : 

200  words — one  letter  :       TOTAL  VALUE 
200  words— an  article  :  100% 

b.  Rate  of  Speed  : 

Forty  (40)  words  a  minute. 

c.  Time  Allowed  for  Transcription  : 

One  shorthand  period  for  each  test  of  200  words. 

d.  Schedule   of   Marking    Transcription  : 

(Regents) 

Deduction  for  each  MAJOR  error  :  2|  credits. 
Deduction  for  each  MINOR  error  :     £  credit. 

e.  Final  Percentage  : 

Add  the  major  errors  on  both  papers  and  multiply 

by  2i 

The  maximum  deduction  for  all  minor  errors  is 
eight  (8)  credits. 

f.  Shorthand  Notes  : 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  attached  to  the 
transcripts. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  49 

TERM  III 

18.   THE   END -TERM   TEST 

a.  Scope  of  Test  : 

Four   hundred    (400)    words    of   new   matter   of 
regents'  difficulty  to  be  divided  as  follows : 

200  words — one  letter  :      TOTAL  VALUE 
200  words— an  article  :  100% 

b.  Rate  of  Speed  : 

Fifty-five  (55)  words  a  minute. 

c.  Time  Allowed  for  Transcription  : 

One  shorthand  period  for  each  test  of  200  words. 

d.  Schedule  of  Marking  Transcription  : 

(Regents) 

Deduction  for  each  MAJOR  error  :  2|  credits 
Deduction  for  each  MINOR  error  :     ^  credit. 

e.  Final  Percentage  : 

Add  the  major  errors  on  both  papers  and  multiply 
by  2|. 

The  maximum  deduction  for  all  minor  errors  is 
eight  (8)  credits. 

f.  Shorthand  Notes  : 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  attached  to  the 
transcripts. 


50  .Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

19.   TESTS   GIVEN  AFTER  THE 
END -TERM   TEST 

Because  the  end-term  test  is  held  some  weeks  before  the 
close  of  the  term,  the  rate  at  which  the  dictation  is 
given  is  reduced  to  fifty-five  (55)  words  a  minute, 
although  the  requirement  for  promotion  is  sixty  (60) 
words  a  minute. 

In  order  to  determine  the  promotion  of  students,  trans- 
cription tests  at  sixty  (60)  words  a  minute  should  be 
commenced  about  six  weeks  before  the  close  of  the  term. 

The  following  directions  should  be  followed  : 

a.  Scope  of  Test  : 

Two  hundred  (200)  words  of  new  matter  of  regents' 
difficulty  (a  letter  or  an  article)  :    VALUE  100%. 

b.  Rate  of  Speed  : 

Sixty  (60)  words  a  minute. 

c.  Time  Allowed  for  Transcription  : 

One  shorthand  period. 

d.  Schedule  of  Marking  Transcription  : 

(Regents) 

Deduction  for  each  MAJOR  error  :     5  credits. 
Deduction  for  each  MINOR  error  :     \  credit. 

(Maximum  charge  for  minor  errors  :  4  credits.) 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  51 

TERM  III 

e.     Shorthand  Notes  : 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  attached  to  the 
transcripts. 

The  shorthand  notes  of  doubtful  students  should 
be  corrected  and  rated. 


20.   DOUBTFUL   STUDENTS 

The  transcription  tests  at  sixty  (60)  words  a  minute 
commenced  six  weeks  before  the  close  of  the  term  and 
continued  to  the  end  should  enable  the  teacher  to 
determine  positively  whether  or  not  doubtful  students 
are  fit  for  promotion  to  term  IV. 

Experience  has  proved  that  students  who  apply  in 
term  III  the  general  principles  of  phonography  while 
note-taking  have  no  difficulty  in  writing  at  the  higher 
rate  of  speed  required  in  term  IV,  while,  on  the  other 
hand,  students  who  turn  out  satisfactory  transcripts 
in  term  III  but  who  write  inaccurate  shorthand  are 
unable  to  sustain  themselves  satisfactorily  in  term  IV, 
where  the  rate  of  speed  is  considerably  higher. 

The  shorthand  notes,  therefore,  should  be  carefully 
examined  and  should  be  the  chief  factor  in  determining 
the  rating  of  doubtful  students. 

It  is  inadvisable  to  give  special  tests  to  the  doubtful 
students. 


CHAPTER  II 

THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE 

1.   TIME   SCHEDULE 

a.  Nineteen  weeks. 

b.  Five  periods  each  week. 

c.  Length  of  period  :    40  minutes. 

2.   TEXT  BOOKS 

a.  Student 

1 .  Pitman's  Shorthand  Instructor. 

2.  Pitman's    Shorthand    Writing    Exercises    and 
Examination  Tests. 

3.  Pitman's  Dictation  Instructor. 

4.  Century  Handbook  of  Writing. 

5.  Webster's  Secondary  School  Dictionary. 

b.  Teacher 

1.  Students'  Text  Books. 

2.  Memory  Drills  on  Grammalogs  and  Contractions. 

3.  Commentary  on  Pitman's  Shorthand  (Taylor). 

4.  Methods  of  Teaching  Shorthand  (McNamara). 

5.  Pitman's  Shorthand  Dictionary. 

52 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  53 

TERM  III 

3.   THE   OUTLINE 

a.     Scope  of  Text  Book  Work  : 

1.  Shorthand  Instructor 

pp.  160-308  (omit  pp.  259-267). 

2.  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and  Examination 
Tests. 

Start  with  exercise  14  and  dictate  in  the 
regular  order  of  the  principles  two  or  more 
dictation  exercises  under  each  principle. 

t 

3.  Pitman's  Dictation  Instructor. 

Supplementary  dictation  book  chiefly  for 
students'  home  use  ;  vocabulary  in  engraved 
shorthand  to  be  mastered. 

Special  selections  assigned  from  time  to 
time  for  home  preparation  to  be  dictated 
in  class. 


4.    Century  Handbook  of  Writing. 

Follow  the  detailed  syllabus  in  English 
based  on  the  above  named  text  book  and 
prepared  especially  for  the  use  of  students 
in  terms  III  and  IV  of  the  secretarial  course. 


54  .  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

The  syllabus  reviews  the  work  in  English 
under  the  following  heads  : 

a.  Sentence  structure. 

b.  Punctuation. 

c.  Spelling. 

d.  Syllabication. 

e.  Compound  words. 

f.  Use  of  capitals. 

g.  Authorized  abbreviations. 

h.    The  representation  of  numbers. 

i.    The  definitions  of  words  which  bear 

a  superficial  resemblance  in  sound  or 

appearance, 
j.  Homonyms, 
k.  Paragraphing. 

b.    The  Principles  of  Shorthand 

1.  REVIEW  OF  THEORY. 

The  first  ten  lessons  of  the  term  should  be 
devoted  solely  to  an  orderly  review  of  the 
theory  taught  in  terms  I  and  II. 

Throughout  the  term,  the  students  should 
be  required  to  review  the  principles  as 
explained  in  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE  under 
the  caption  Teachers'  daily  lesson  plan. 

2.  VOCABULARY  DRILL. 

Each  day  throughout  the  term  the  short- 
hand outlines  of  five  of  the  words  contained 
in  the  vocabulary  list  of  the  current  term 
should  be  drilled  on  in  class  and  assigned 
tor  home  work. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  55 

TERM  III 

3.    ENGRAVED  SHORTHAND  EXERCISES. 

Instructor  :  Exercises  99,  101,  103,  105,  107, 
109,  111,  114,  117,  119,  121,  123,  125,  127. 

Pitman's  Dictation  Instructor : 

1.  Pages  27-40. 

2.  Outlines  at  top  of  pp.  41-226. 

The  reading  of  engraved  shorthand  contributes  so 
materially  to  scholarship  in  technique  that  after  the 
contraction  exercises  104,  106,  108,  110,  112  and  113  in 
the  Instructor  have  been  dictated  in  class  and  practised 
by  the  students,  the  engraved  shorthand  exercises 
containing  such  contractions  should  be  assigned  for 
home  reading. 

The  teacher  should  explain  to  the  students  that  steno- 
graphers are  expected  to  read  engraved  shorthand  with 
the  same  fluency  with  which  they  are  able  to  read  printed 
matter,  and  that  this  skill  is  attained  only  by  repeated 
readings  of  the  same  exercise. 

After  the  engraved  shorthand  exercises  have  been  read 
by  the  students,  the  matter  should  be  practised  according 
to  the  method  described  in  THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE 
under  the  caption  Teaching  students  how  to  study. 

From  time  to  time  five  or  ten  minutes  of  a  period  should 
be  devoted  to  the  reading  of  engraved  shorthand 
exercises  previously  assigned  for  home  reading.  Students 
who  are  unable  to  read  fluently  should  analyse  the 
puzzling  outlines. 


56  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

Students  should  be  encouraged  to  read  the  engraved 
shorthand  books  in  the  library  of  the  school,  a  list  of 
which  should  be  posted  on  the  class  bulletin  boards. 


4.    GRAMMALOGS 

The  logograms  which  express  complete  consonantal 
representation  and  which  are  also  written  in  correct 
position  (up,  by,  out,  way,  must,  through,  down,  etc.) 
should  be  excluded  from  the  list  of  grammalogs  and 
should  be  taught  as  unvocalized  words. 

After  sufficient  drill  has  been  given  on  the  grammalogs 
as  separate  words,  grammalog  sentences  should  be 
dictated  from  Memory  Drills  on  the  Grammalogs  and 
Contractions. 

Before  dictating  selections  from  Shorthand  Writing 
Exercises  and  Examination  Tests,  teachers  should  drill 
on  the  grammalogs  listed  under  the  particular  principle 
being  reviewed. 

Teachers  should  aim  to  have  students  attain  an  accuracy 
of  100%  on  grammalogs, 


5.    SIMPLE   PHRASES 

Students  who  neglect  to  phrase  words  while  note-taking 
frequently  make  correction  later  by  adding  to  the 
original  outline  the  stroke  or  strokes  not  previously 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  57 

TERM  III 

joined.  This  practice  should  not  be  permitted,  as  it 
would  prevent  students  from  ever  acquiring  the  habit  of 
phrasing,  i.e.,  writing  groups  of  words  without  lifting  the 
pencil. 

Students  should  be  required  to  phrase  simple  groups  of 
words,  as  this  practice  will  not  only  promote  skill  in 
note-taking,  but  will  also  result  in  the  shorthand  notes 
of  such  groups  being  more  quickly  interpreted  than  if  a 
separate  outline  were  written  for  each  word. 

Students  should  be  cautioned  against  phrasing  outlines 
that  do  not  give  good  angles  (to  say,  etc.). 

The  use  of  the  tick  the  should  be  secured  to  the  fullest 
extent. 

Over-phrasing  should  be  avoided. 


6.     BUSINESS    PHRASES 

Careful  attention  should  be  given  to  the  phrasing  of 
business  terms  in  general  use. 

The  business  letters  in  the  Instructor  and  in  Shorthand 
Writing  Exercises  and  Examination  Tests  should  be 
drilled  on  systematically  in  order  that  the  business 
phrases  contained  therein  may  be  mastered. 

Exercises  177,  178  and  179  in  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises 
and  Examination  Tests  contain  the  common  business 
phrases,  and  from  time  to  time  selections  therefrom 
should  be  dictated  in  class  and  assigned  for  home  drill. 

5— (438) 


58  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

7.   GENERAL   CONTRACTIONS 

The  general  principle  underlying  the  formation  of  con- 
tractions should  be  thoroughly  explained  and  illustrated 
on  the  blackboard.  Students  should  understand  the  close 
relation  between  the  sign  and  the  word. 

Exercises  156,  157,  158  and  159  in  Shorthand  Writing 
Exercises  and  Examination  Tests  contain  the  general 
contractions,  and  from  time  to  time  selections  therefrom 
should  be  dictated  in  class  and  assigned  for  home  drill. 


8.   VOWEL   INDICATION 

Students  should  be  frequently  warned  to  insert  the 
necessary  vowel,  diphthong,  triphone  or  diphone 
immediately  after  completing  the  consonantal  outline. 

The  vocalization  of  one  consonant  words  (pay,  age,  end, 
need,  etc.)  should  be  required.  It  is  suggested  that  the 
teacher  prepare  a  list  of  such  words  and  drill  on  them 
occasionally  in  class. 

Exercises  162  and  163  in  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises 
and  Examination  Tests  contain  excellent  examples  of 
words  requiring  vocalization,  and  from  time  to  time 
selections  therefrom  should  be  dictated  in  class  and 
assigned  for  home  drill. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  59 

TERM  III 

9.    SPECIAL   CONTRACTIONS 

Some  of  the  special  contractions  are  in  more  general  use 
than  others.  Extensive  drill,  therefore,  should  be  given 
only  on  the  contractions  which  have  been  designated 
by  our  department  as  "  common  "  contractions  and 
which  are  indicated  in  each  teacher's  copy  of  the  text 
book. 

Should  the  less  common  contractions  occur  in  dictation 
exercises,  the  text  book  outlines  of  such  contractions 
should  be  drilled  on  to  the  extent  necessary  before  the 
dictation  is  given. 

Exercises  164,  165,  166,  167  and  168  in  Shorthand  Writing 
Exercises  and  Examination  Tests  contain  the  special  con- 
tractions, and  from  time  to  time  selections  therefrom 
should  be  dictated  in  class  and  assigned  for  home  drill. 


10.   ADVANCED    PHRASEOGRAPHY 

Extensive  drill  should  be  given  only  on  the  phrases 
which  have  been  designated  by  our  department  as 
expressions  or  idioms  in  general  use  and  which  are 
indicated  in  each  teacher's  copy  of  the  text  book. 

Groups  of  words  which  the  average  student  would  not 
be  apt  to  decipher  readily  should  not  be  phrased. 

Exercises  169,  170,  171,  172,  173,  174  and  175  in  Short- 
hand Writing  Exercises  and  Examination  Tests  contain 


60  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM  III 

examples  of  advanced  phraseography,  and  from  time  to 
time  selections  therefrom  should  be  dictated  in  class  and 
assigned  for  home  drill. 

11.   INTERSECTIONS 

The  general  principle  of  intersection,  or  approximation 
when  intersection  is  impossible,  should  be  explained  and 
applied  when  practicable. 

Extensive  drill  should  be  given  only  on  the  miscellaneous 
intersected  phrases  and  contractions  which  have  been 
designated  by  our  department  as  expressions  in  general 
use  and  which  are  indicated  in  each  teacher's  copy  of 
the  text  book. 


12.   STATES   AND   CITIES 

All  business  letters  dictated  should  be  furnished  with 
addresses  so  that  students  may  learn  the  shorthand 
outlines  of  the  principal  cities  and  the  States  in  a 
practical  way. 


13.   DISTINGUISHING   OUTLINES 

The  words  listed  among  the  distinguishing  outlines 
which  are  written  strictly  in  accordance  with  the  prin- 
ciples involved  need  no  especial  drill,  i.e. ,  patron,  trifle,  etc. 

Emphasis,  therefore,  should  be  directed  to  the  words 
which  are  differentiated  in  form,  i.e.,  pattern,  travel,  etc. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  61 


TERM  III 

Only  the  most  frequently  occurring  words  should  be 
drilled  on  extensively. 


c.  Class  Dictation 

The  teacher  will  please  follow  the  instructions  under 
this  caption  in  Chapter  I,  Instructions  to  teachers. 

d.  Transcription  Work 

The  teacher  will  please  follow  the  instructions  under  the 
caption  Transcripts,  Chapter  I,  Instructions  to  teachers. 


CHAPTER  III 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR 
PROMOTION 

Note  :  Only  students  who  have  frequently  demonstrated 
that  they  possess  the  following  qualifications 
should  be  recommended  for  promotion  to  term  IV. 

1.    SCHOLARSHIP   IN  TECHNIQUE 

(Ascertained  by  the  teacher  through  correcting  the 
frequent  tests  and  some  of  the  shorthand  notes  of 
matter  dictated  and  transcribed.) 

a.  Proficiency  in  current  term's  vocabulary. 

b.  Proficiency  in  the  grammalogs. 

c.  Proficiency  in  the  common  contractions. 

d.  Proficiency  in  phraseography. 

e.  The  ability  to  apply  the  general  principles  of 
phonography  while  taking  dictation  at  the  rate 
of  speed  required. 

2.   RATE   OF   SPEED 

The  ability  to  take  the  dictation  of  letters  and  articles 
of  regents'  difficulty  at  the  rate  of  sixty  (60)  words  a 
minute. 

62 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  63 

TERM   III 

3.  SCHOLARSHIP  IN  TRANSCRIPTION 
WORK 

a.  The  ability  to  transcribe  the  above  dictation  with 
a   minimum    accuracy    of   sixty    (60)    per    cent. 
(Regents'  schedule  of  marking  tests.) 

b.  Proficiency   in   English,    as   shown   by   sentence 
structure,  spelling,  punctuation,  paragraphing,  etc. 

c.  The  ability  to  place  typewritten  matter  artistically. 


STENOGRAPHY  SYLLABUS 

TERM   IV 

Chap.  Page 

I.    INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TEACHERS      ....      67 

II.    THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE 76 

III.    REQUIREMENTS  FOR  PROMOTION     ...      80 


65 


CHAPTER  I 

INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TEACHERS 

1.   THE  AIM   OF   INSTRUCTION 

The  chief  aim  of  the  teacher  should  be  to  have  students 
write  correct  shorthand  from  dictation  and  transcribe 
the  same  accurately. 

Emphasis  throughout  the  term  should,  therefore,  be 
placed  on  the  following  points  : 

a.  The  correct  application  of  the  principles  taught 
in  terms  I,  II,  and  III. 

b.  The  acquisition  of  a  large  vocabulary  of  short- 
hand words  and  phrases. 

c.  Mastery    of    the    grammalogs    and    common 
contractions. 

d.  Training  students  to  form  outlines  correctly, 
legibly,  and  rapidly. 

e.  Training  students  to  concentrate  on  the  subject 
matter  while  taking  notes. 

f.  The  accurate  reading  or  transcription  of  the 
matter  dictated. 

67 


68  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   IV 

g.    The  artistic  placing  of  typewritten  transcripts. 

h.  The  attainment  at  the  time  of  the  mid-term 
test  of  a  speed  of  seventy  (70)  words  a  minute 
on  business  letters  and  articles  of  regents' 
difficulty,  with  a  minimum  accuracy  of  sixty 
(60)  per  cent,  in  transcription  work. 

i.  The  attainment  at  the  time  of  the  end-term 
test  of  a  speed  of  eighty  (80)  words  a  minute 
on  business  letters  and  articles  of  regents' 
difficulty,  with  a  minimum  accuracy  of  sixty 
(60)  per  cent,  in  transcription  work,  which 
corresponds  to  the  minimum  standard  of  the 
regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York. 

The    teacher    is     referred    to    Stenography    Syllabus, 
term  III,  for  instructions  under  the  following  captions  : 

Page 
2.   MATERIALS  2 


3.  THE   TEACHER'S  DAILY  LESSON 

PLAN 5 

4.  TEACHING   STUDENTS   HOW  TO 

STUDY        .   ,      .         .        .         .         .8 

5.  STUDENTS1   HOME  WORK  16 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  69 

TERM   IV 

Page 

6.  SENTENCE   STRUCTURE, 

PUNCTUATION,   Etc.       ...  17 

7.  THE   CONDUCT   OF   THE  DAILY 

RECITATION 20 

8.  ATTAINING   SPEED          .         .         .  21 

9.  CLASS   DICTATION  61 


10.   TRANSCRIPTS 


Transcription  work  should  begin  during  the  first  week 
of  the  term.  All  transcripts  should  be  typewritten  ; 
the  touch  method  should  be  employed. 

During  the  early  weeks  of  the  term,  new  matter  of 
regents'  difficulty  (a  letter  or  an  article)  containing 
two  hundred  (200)  to  two  hundred  fifty  (250)  words 
should  be  dictated  at  a  definite  rate  of  speed  and 
transcribed  each  week. 

As  the  term  advances  the  scope  of  the  tests  should  be 
gradually  increased.  Towards  the  end  of  the  term, 


70  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   IV 

tests  containing  five  hundred  (500)  words  should  be 
given  in  preparation  for  the  end-term  test. 

Students  should  be  allowed  a  reasonable  length  of  time 
to  read  their  notes  before  they  transcribe  them. 

In  order  that  students  may  have  no  misapprehension 
as  to  their  scholarship  in  transcription  work  at  the 
various  rates  of  speed,  and  also  to  enable  weak  students 
to  recognize  early  in  the  term  the  need  of  improving 
their  scholarship,  it  is  recommended  that  classes  be 
informed  of  the  rate  of  speed  at  which  the  weekly  tests 
are  given.  Students  should  record  the  rate  in  the 
upper  left  hand  corner  of  the  transcript  in  the  following 
form  :  Dictated  at ..  ..  words  a  minute. 


The  teacher  should  establish  and  maintain  in  the  class 
room  the  standards  required  by  first  class  business 
concerns  ;  therefore  students  should  not  be  permitted 
to  strike  keys  over,  to  start  words  the  second  time,  to 
indicate  the  elision  of  words,  to  interlineate  omissions, 
etc.  The  teacher  should  explain  to  students  that  the 
business  man  desires  his  dictation  typed  correctly  the 
first  time  and  that  he  is  unwilling  to  suffer  the  loss  of 
time  and  material  in  having  work  recopied. 

One  duplicate  copy  should  be  made  of  all  typewritten 
transcripts.  Both  the  original  and  the  duplicate  copies 
should  be  collected.  The  shorthand  notes  should 
always  be  attached  to  the  transcript. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  71 

TERM   IV 

Students  may  correct  in  pencil  on  the  carbon  copy  any 
stenographic  or  typographical  errors  which  they  may 
have  made.  No  corrections  of  any  kind  may  be  made 
on  the  original  copy. 

During  the  last  month  of  the  term,  students  should  be 
instructed  how  to  make  neat  erasures  on  original  and 
carbon  copies  while  the  work  is  in  the  machine  or  after 
it  has  been  removed  and  replaced. 

Throughout  the  term  students  should  have  practice  in 
transcribing  both  articles  and  business  letters. 

Before  commencing  the  transcription  of  articles,  the 
student  should  typewrite  her  name,  the  number  of  her 
section,  and  the  date,  about  two  inches  from  the  top 
edge  of  the  paper.  This  should  be  followed  by  several 
double  spaces. 

When  a  transcription  includes  two  or  more  business 
letters,  each  letter  should  be  typewritten  on  a  separate 
sheet  of  paper.  The  multigraphed  letterheads  printed 
by  our  department  should  be  used.  The  student's 
name,  instead  of  being  typewritten  at  the  head  of  the 
sheet,  should  be  filled  in  as  a  signature. 

All  letters  should  be  typed  according  to  the  approved 
forms  described  in  our  Typewriting  Syllabus.  Particular 

attention  should  be  paid  to  margins,  Attention  of  M , 

signatures,  enclosures,  the  dictator's  and  typist's  initials, 
etc.  Attractive  form  should  be  the  aim. 


72  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   IV 

In  transcribing  letters  containing  two  or  more  pages, 
the  following  information  should  be  recorded  about 
one-half  inch  from  the  top  edge  of  the  second  and 
succeeding  sheets :  the  correspondent's  name,  the 
number  of  the  page,  and  the  date. 


An  envelope  (commercial  or  legal  size)  should  be  addressed 
for  each  business  letter.  The  address  should  be  typed 
in  the  form  approved  by  the  post  office  department. 
Students  should  have  practice  in  folding  letters  properly 
for  envelopes  of  both  sizes  and  in  enclosing  them  cor- 
rectly, with  and  without  attached  enclosures.  The 
return  address  should  appear  on  each  envelope. 


The  importance  of  accurate  spelling  and  syllabication 
should  be  emphasized.  It  is  recommended  that 
students  be  permitted  to  consult  the  dictionary  except- 
ing when  mid-term  or  end-term  tests  are  being 
conducted. 


Special  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  typewriting  work 
of  students  who  recited  Stenography  III  in  non-type- 
writing rooms  and  who  are  therefore  transcribing  notes 
on  the  typewriter  for  the  first  time. 

So  that  the  element  of  memory  may  be  largely  elim- 
inated, it  is  suggested  that  the  shorthand  notes  of  brief 
tests  be  occasionally  retained  by  the  teacher  for  a  day 
or  two  and  then  returned  to  the  students  for  transcription 
purposes. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  73 


TERM   IV 

The     teacher    is    referred     to    Stenography    Syllabus, 
term  III,  for  instructions  under  the  following  captions  : 

Page 

11.   CAUSE   OF   ERRORS   IN  TRANS- 
CRIPTION WORK  :  REMEDIES       32 


12.  TESTS   AND   THEIR   VALUE        .  40 

13.  FREQUENT   TESTS         .         .         .  42 

14.  MARKING   FREQUENT   TESTS    .  43 

15.  STUDENTS'   RECORDS  .         .  46 

16.  DEFICIENT   STUDENTS  47 


6— (438)  12  pp. 


74  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 


TERM    IV 


17.   THE   MID-TERM   TEST 

a.  Scope  of  Test  : 

Five  hundred  (500)  words  of  new  matter  of  regents' 

difficulty  to  be  divided  as  follows  : 
250  words — two  letters  :     TOTAL  VALUE 
250  words— an  article  :  100%. 

b.  Rate  of  Speed  : 

Seventy  (70)  words  a  minute. 

c.  Time  Allowed  for  Transcription  : 

One  shorthand  period  for  each  test  of  250  words. 

d.  Schedule  of  Marking  Transcription  : 

(Regents) 

Deduction  for  each  MAJOR  error  :     2  credits. 
Deduction  for  each  MINOR  error  :     |  credit. 

e.  Final  Percentage  : 

Add  the  major  errors  on  both  papers  and  multiply 
by  two  (2). 

The  maximum  deduction  for  all  minor  errors  is 
ten  (10)  credits. 

f.  Shorthand  Notes  : 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  attached  to  the 
transcripts. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  75 


TERM   IV 

18.   THE   END -TERM   TEST 

a.  Scope  of  Test  : 

Five  hundred  (500)  words  of  new  matter  of  regents' 
difficulty  to  be  divided  as  follows  : 

250  words — two  letters  :     TOTAL  VALUE 
250  words— an  article  :  100%. 

b.  Rate  of  Speed  : 

Eighty  (80)  words  a  minute. 

c.  Time  Allowed  for  Transcription  : 

One  shorthand  period  for  each  test  of  250  words. 

d.  Schedule  of  Marking  Transcription  : 

(Regents) 

Deduction  for  each  MAJOR  error  :     2  credits. 
Deduction  for  each  MINOR  error  :     f  credit. 

e.  Final  Percentage  : 

Add  the  major  errors  on  both  papers  and  multiply 
by  two  (2). 

The  maximum  deduction  for  all  minor  errors  is 
ten  (10)  credits. 

f .  Shorthand  Notes  : 

The  shorthand  notes  should  be  attached  to  the 
transcripts. 


CHAPTER  II 

THE  SYLLABUS  OUTLINE 

• 

1.   TIME   SCHEDULE 

a.  Nineteen  weeks. 

b.  Five  periods  each  week. 

c.  Length  of  period  :    40  minutes. 


2.   TEXT  BOOKS 
a.     Student 

1.  Pitman's  Shorthand  Instructor. 

2.  Pitman's  Twentieth  Century  Dictation  Book. 

3.  Pitman's  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and  Exam- 
ination   Tests    (when    required    by    individual 
students). 

4.  Eldridge's  Shorthand  Dictation  Exercises. 

5.  Century  Handbook  of  English. 

6.  Webster's  Secondary  School  Dictionary. 

76 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  77 

TERM   IV 
b.    Teacher 

1.  Students'  text  books. 

2.  Pitman's    Shorthand     Writing    Exercises    and 
Examination  Tests. 

3.  Pitman's  Shorthand  Rapid  Course. 

4.  Reigner's  Dictation  Book. 

5.  Business  Letter  Practice  (Opdycke). 

6.  Commercial  Letters  (Opdycke  &  Drew). 

7.  Commentary  on  Pitman's  Shorthand  (Taylor). 

8.  Methods  of  Teaching  Shorthand  (McNamara). 

9.  Pitman's  Shorthand  Dictionary. 

3.   THE   OUTLINE 

a.     Scope  of  Text  Book  Work :  Miscellaneous 
Dictation 

1.    Twentieth  Century  Dictation  Book. 

Selection  of  letters  from  each  of  the  various 
subjects  listed  in  Contents,  Part  I,  page  2. 

Selections  from  Miscellaneous  Selections,  Short 
Talks  with  the  Amanuensis,  and  Practical  Talks, 
Part  II. 

6x— (438) 


78  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand 

TERM   IV 

2.  Eldridge's  Shorthand  Dictation  Exercises. 

The  teacher's  selections  of  letters  and  articles. 

3.  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and  Examination 
Tests. 

Selected  review  assignments  for  backward 
students. 

.    4.    Century  Handbook  of  Writing. 

Follow  the  detailed  syllabus  in  English  based 
on  the  above  named  text  book  and  prepared 
especially  for  the  use  of  the  students  in  terms 
III  and  IV  of  the  secretarial  course. 

5.    MISCELLANEOUS  DICTATION. 

a.  Letters 

1 .  Business. 

2.  Formal  and  informal  social  notes. 

3.  Letters  of  introduction. 

4.  Letters  of  application. 

b.  Addresses  or  proclamations  by 

1 .  The  President  of  the  United  States. 

2.  The  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

3.  The  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

4.  Other  distinguished  citizens. 

c.  Patriotic  addresses,  editorials,  articles,  etc., 
tending  to  promote  good  citizenship. 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  79 

TERM   IV 

d.  Articles  relating  to  the  personality,  the  quali- 
fications,  the  duties,  etc.  of  stenographers 
and  typists  and  of  private  secretaries. 

e.  Articles  from  histories,  books  on  economics, 
etc.  selected  for  their  educational,  informa- 
tional, or  cultural  value. 

f.  Selections    from    American     and    English 
classics. 


b.  The  Principles  of  Shorthand 

Systematic  review,  concurrently  with  the  dictation 
and  transcription  work,  of  the  theory,  grammalogs, 
contractions  and  phrases  taught  in  terms  I,  II, 
and  III. 

(The  teacher  is  referred  to  the  instructions  under 
this  caption  in  Stenography  Syllabus,  term  III.) 

c.  Class  Dictation 

The  teacher  should  follow  the  instructions  under 
this  caption  in  Stenography  Syllabus,  term  III. 

d.  Transcription 

1 .  The  transcription  and  correction  of  the  dictated 
sentences  illustrating  correct  sentence  structure, 
punctuation,  etc.  '  :} 

2.  The    transcription    of   letters    and    articles    as 
explained  in   this   term's   syllabus   under   the 
caption  Transcripts. 


CHAPTER   III 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR 
PROMOTION 

Note  :  Only  students  who  have  frequently  demonstrated 
that  they  possess  the  following  qualifications 
should  be  recommended  for  promotion. 

1.    SCHOLARSHIP   IN   TECHNIQUE 

(Ascertained  by  the  teacher  through  correcting  the 
frequent  tests  and  some  of  the  shorthand  notes  of 
matter  dictated  throughout  the  term.) 

a.  Proficiency  in  vocabulary. 

b.  Proficiency  in  the  grammalogs. 

c.  Proficiency  in  the  common  contractions. 

d.  Proficiency  in  phraseography. 

e.  The  ability  to  apply  the  general  principles  of 
phonography  while  taking  dictation  at  the  rate 
of  speed  required. 

2.   RATE   OF   SPEED 

The  ability  to  take  the  dictation  of  letters  and 
articles   of   regents'   difficulty   at   the   rate   of 
eighty  (80)  words  a  minute. 
80 


Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  81 

TERM   IV 

3.    SCHOLARSHIP   IN   TRANSCRIPTION 
WORK 

a.  The  ability  to  transcribe  the  above  dictation 
with  a  minimum  accuracy  of  sixty  (60)  per  cent. 
(Regents'  schedule  of  marking  tests.) 

b.  Proficiency  in  English,  as  shown  by  sentence 
structure,  spelling,  punctuation,  paragraphing, 
etc. 

c.  The    ability    to    place    typewritten     matter 
artistically. 


Printed  in  Bath,  England,  by  Sir  Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons,  Ltd. 
X— (438) 


BUSINESS  LETTER 


i=  PRACTICE  i= 

By  JOHN  B.  OPDYCKE 

First  Assistant,  Department  of  English,  Theodore  Roosevelt  High  School,  New  York  City 

The  Last  Word  on  the  Business  Letter 

For  the  Student,  for  the  Teacher,  for  the  General  Reader. 
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OF  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND.  90pp.,  70c.  By  D.  J.  GEORGE. 
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a  copy.  A  new  and  practical  way  of  memorizing  the  Grammalogs  and 
Contractions.  The  book  contains  350  sentences  for  Memory  Drill  and  1 80 
letters  for  Speed  Practice.  Every  Lesson  except  the  first  has  sentences 
composed  of  nothing  but  grammalogs,  phrases,  and  contractions. 
HOW  TO  PRACTICE  AND  MEMORIZE  THE  GRAMMALOGS. 

32pp.,  2oe.     By  D.  J.  GEORGE. 

An  extremely  useful  exercise  book,  arranged  sectionally  in  the  order 
in  which  they  appear  in  the  "  Course  "  and  the  "  Instructor." 

GRAMMALOG  AND  CONTRACTION  DRILL  CARDS. 

A  Series  of  14  cards  printed  in  two  colors. 


EXERCISES  ON  THE  GRAMMALOGS  AND  CONTRACTIONS.  40  pp., 

limp  cloth,  30c.     By  J.  F.  C.  GROW. 

The  feature  of  this  useful  book,  which  is  specially  adapted  for  the 
revision  of  the  Grammalogs  and  Contractions,  is  that  the  exercises 
are  arranged  alphabetically. 

SHORTHAND   DICTIONARIES 

ISAAC  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND  DICTIONARY.     336  plus  xlvii  pp., 

cloth,   $2.50. 

Tenth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged,  containing  the  Shorthand 
Reporting  Outlines,  beautifully  printed  from  engraved  characters,  of 
over  62,000  words,  with  parallel  Key  in  ordinary  type.  A  separate 
list  of  proper  names  of  persons  and  places,  and  alphabetical  lists  of 
the  Grammalogs  and  Contractions  are  given.  The  work  also  contains 
a  valuable  analytical  Introduction,  with  Index,  which  explains  at 
length  the  treatment  of  particular  classes  of  words,  and  contains  over 
1,000  illustrative  examples. 
ENGLISH  AND  SHORTHAND  DICTIONARY.  835  pp.  "  Library 

Edition,"  strongly  bound  in  dark-green  buckram  cloth,  colored 

edges,    $3.50.      Being   an   edition   of  the   above   work  with  the 

addition  of  the  definition  of  each  word. 
ISAAC  PITMAN  POCKET  SHORTHAND  DICTIONARY.    3  by  4£  in. 

232pp.,  cloth,  gilt,   $1.00. 

Contains  over  22,000  words,  with  their  shorthand  characters,  and  a 
complete  list  of  the  Grammalogs  and  Contractions. 
ISAAC  PITMAN  POCKET  SHORTHAND  DICTIONARY.    3J  by  5±  in. 

Bound  in  French  Morocco,  gilt,  $1.50. 

Being  an  edition  of  the  above  work  especially  suitable  for  presentation 
purposes,  etc. 
CUMULATIVE  SPELLER  AND  SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY.  145  pp., 

cloth,  gilt,  70c.     For  further  particulars  of  this  work  see  page  15. 
THE  REPORTER'S  ASSISTANT.     About  216pp.,  cloth,    $2.00. 

A  Key  to  the  reading  of  the  Reporting  Style  of  Phonography.  All 
the  words  in  the  dictionary,  not  exceeding  three  consonants,  were 
written  in  Shorthand,  and  from  this  extensive  list  of  outlines  has  been 
drawn  all  words  that  contain  the  same  outline,  and  they  have  been 
classified  according  to  their  forms.  Of  great  aid  in  reading  one's  notes. 

PHRASE  BOOKS  AND   GUIDES 

THE  PHONOGRAPHIC  PHRASE  BOOK.     138  pp.,  60c. ;    cloth,  75c. 

Containing  about  2,000  useful  phrases  in  Phonography,  with  Key 
and  an  exercise  occupying  43  pages,  containing  all  _the  phrases  as 
they  occur  in  the  book. 

MEDICAL  REPORTING  IN  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND.    87  pp.,  cloth, 
$1.00.     By  H.  DICKINSON. 

This  work  has  been  specially  prepared  by  one  of  the  most  experienced 
medical  shorthand  writers,  and  contains  a  valuable  introduction  dealing 
fully  with  medical  note-taking,  lists  of  phraseograms,  outlines,  and 
abbreviations,  and  includes  numerous  exercises  for  dictation  practice. 
TECHNICAL  REPORTING.  128  pp.,  cloth,  $1.35.  New  Edition. 

Phonographic  Abbreviations  for  words  and  phrases  commonly  met 
with  in  Reporting  Legal,  Medical,  Scientific,  and  other  Technical 
Subjects,  with  type  Key. 

5 


PITMAN'S     SHORTHAND    WRITER'S     PHRASE     BOOKS    AND 

GUIDES.     Cloth,  each  §1.00. 

Each  includes  about   1,500    Technical    Terms    and    Phrases,    with 
Shorthand  equivalents. 

DRAPERY  STOCKBROKING  AND  FINANCIAL 

ELECTRICAL  AND  ENGINEERING  COMMERCIAL 

SHIPPING  LEGAL 

RAILWAY  MUNICIPAL 

ESTATE  AGENTS,  ETC.  IRON  AND  STEEL  TRADES 

PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHING  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

INSURANCE  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY 

BANKING  BUILDER  AND  CONTRACTOR 

CHEMICAL  AND  DRUG  TRADE  PROVISION  TRADE 


SPEED   PRACTICE  AND  DICTATION 

PRACTICE  LETTERS  FOR  BEGINNERS  IN  SHORTHAND.     64  pp., 
36c.     By  D.  J.  GEORGE. 

A  new  dictation  book  on  novel  lines.     The  need  felt  by  practical 
teachers  of  a  book  which  presents  dictation  matter  in  the  form  of 
letters  beginning  with  the  first  principles  and  developing  in  harmony 
with  the  textbooks  is  filled  by  this  handy  little  book. 
PRACTICAL  BUSINESS  LETTERS  IN  SHORTHAND.     64  pp.,  35c. 

A  series  of  76  Business  Letters  in  engraved  Isaac  Pitman's  Shorthand, 
with  Key  in  ordinary  type. 

Every  letter  in  this  book  is  adapted  from  an  original  commercial 
letter. 
GRADUATED  DICTATION  BOOKS.     47  pp.,  20c.  each. 

Divided   for  speeds   of   50,   80,    100,    and    160   words   per   minute. 
No.   1 — Commercial.     No.  2 — Political. 
KEY,  IN  SHORTHAND,  TO  THE  GRADUATED  DICTATION  BOOK, 

Nos.  1  and  2.     30c.  each. 

PITMAN'S    COMMERCIAL    CORRESPONDENCE    IN    SHORTHAND. 
224pp.,  cloth,   $1.35. 

A  series  of  model  Business  Letters  in  engraved  Phonography. 
COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE  AND  COMMERCIAL  ENGLISH. 
272pp.,  cloth,   $1.35. 

A  practical  manual  of  Commercial  Correspondence,  forming  a  Key 
to  "  Commercial  Correspondence  in  Shorthand."  All  the  letters  are 
counted  for  shorthand  and  typewriting  speed  practice,  and  editions 
are  published  in  Spanish,  French,  and  German. 
THE  SHORTHAND  DICTATION  INSTRUCTOR.  240  pp.,  cloth,  $1.00. 
By  EDWIN  H.  GRAVER,  High  School  of  Commerce,  New  York. 

Teachers  feel  the  need  of  an  exercise  book  that  will  have  a  direct 
bearing  upon  the  student's  progress  from  the  time  he  begins  dictation 
until  he  finds  employment.  This  book  supplies  the  needs  of  the 
intermediate  student  by  presenting  a  variety  of  letters,  articles,  and 
suggestions  for  his  advancement,  arranged  with  vocabularies  of  engraved 
shorthand  outlines  containing  words  and  phrases  sufficient  for  every 
ordinary  requirement  of  the  stenographer.  The  review  lessons  on 
difficult  shorthand  principles,  the  facsimile  letters  and  engraved  short- 
hand plates,  the  hints  about  how  to  do  business  by  letter,  how  to 


apply  for  a  position  and  get  it,  what  the  employer  wants  his  steno- 
grapher to  know  and  to  be  able  to  do,  how  to  prepare  for  examinations 
and  high-speed  contests — all  will  aid  the  ambitious  student  to  reach 
the  goal  of  stenographic  efficiency. 
PITMAN'S  PROGRESSIVE  DICTATOR.    220pp.,   cloth,   gilt,  $1.00. 

By  H.  W.  HAMMOND,  F.  R.  BEYGRAU,  and  W.  L.  MASON. 
A  complete  manual  of  Dictation,   comprising  selections  of  letters 
originating  in  actual  business  dictation  and  are  intended  to  illustrate 
the  use  of  English  in   commercial  literature.     The  most  up-to-date 
methods  of  presentation  and  correct  English  will  be  found.     The  letters 
have  been  drawn  from  27  different  trades  and  professions,  each  selection 
being  preceded  by  a  shorthand  vocabulary  and  list  of  phrases. 
tfPITMAN'S  THEORY  PRACTICE  BOOK.    Part  I,  stiff  paper  covers, 

80c.     Part    II,   stiff   paper   covers,    80c.     In   ordinary  type.     By 

EDWIN  W.  SMITH,  North  Side  High  School,  Denver,  Colo. 
This  work  is  designed  to  save  the  time  of  the  pupil  as  well  as  the 
teacher.     It  is  not  mere  theory,  but  is  the  outgrowth  of  successful 
teaching  experience,  and  proved  its  value  in  the  results  achieved  by 
pupils  who  have  followed  its  teachings  and  who  have  made  good. 
PITMAN'S    20th    CENTURY    BUSINESS    DICTATION    BOOK    AND 

LEGAL   FORMS.     294  pp.,   stiff  boards  and   cloth  back,    85c. ; 

cloth,    $1.10.     Eighth   Edition. 

Containing  an  up-to-date  collection  of  genuine  letters  (in  ordinary 
type)  which  have  been  used  in  the  transaction  of  actual  work  in  large 
American  business  houses. 

A  Iso  published  in  two  parts,  as  follows — 
Part   I.— BUSINESS   DICTATION.      168pp.,    stiff   boards   and   cloth 

back,  70c.     Containing  fifty  distinct  lines  of  business. 
Part  II.— LEGAL  FORMS  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  SELECTIONS,  Etc. 

103  pp.,  stiff  boards  and  cloth  back,  4oc. 
THE    STUDENT'S   PRACTICE   BOOK.     241pp.,   cloth,    $1.00.     By 

K.  E.  WILEY. 

A  Collection  of  Letters  for  Acquiring  Speed  in  Writing  Shorthand. 
PITMAN'S  ADVANCED  SPEED  PRACTICE.  185  plus  xviii  pp.,  cloth, 

$1.00.     By  ARTHUR  M.  SUGARMAN. 

Contains  articles  on  "  How  to  Obtain  Speed,"  written  by  experts, 
and  instructive  and  interesting  articles  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects 
culled  from  the  daily  newspapers,  periodicals,  magazines,  books,  etc. 
The  whole  is  counted  for  speed. 

SPEED  TESTS  AND  GUIDE  TO  RAPID  WRITING.    240  pp.,  cloth,  80c. 
FIVE  MINUTE  SPEED  TESTS.    252  pp.,  cloth,   $1.00. 
PITMAN'S  REPORTING  PRACTICE.    Cloth,  gilt,  $1.50. 

Provides  teachers  and  students  with  suitable  matter  for  reporting 
practice. 
BUSINESS    CORRESPONDENCE  IN  SHORTHAND,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4, 

5,  6,  and  7.    40  pp.,  each.     30c.  each 

A  series  of  valuable  books  containing  actual  correspondence  in  various 
branches  of  business.  Each  book  Keyed  in  ordinary  type  and  the 
matter  counted  for  speed  practice  in  either  shorthand  or  typewriting. 

LIST  OF  CONTENTS. 

No.  1. — Subjects  treated  :  Railroad  Correspondence — Law  (General) — 
Law  (Patents) — Law  (Pensions) — Banking — Stock  Brokers — Hard- 
ware —  Lumber  —  Boots  and  Shoes  —  Miscellaneous  —  Power  of 
Attorney,  Form,  etc. 

7 


No.  2. — Subjects  treated  :    Real  Estate  Correspondence — Financial — 

Legal   and   Law — Hardware — Dry   Goods — Insurance — Electrical — 

Boots  and  Shoes — Lumber — Publishing — Miscellaneous,  etc. 
No.  3. — Subjects    treated  :      Advertising    Correspondence — Agents — 

Automobile — Bicycle — Boiler  Appliance,  etc. 

No.  4. — Subjects  treated  :     Boiler  Appliance  Correspondence — Book- 
binding— Builders — Collections — Copying     Office — Cotton — Desks — 

Dry  Goods — Drugs,  etc. 
No.  5. — Subjects    treated  :      Dry    Goods    Correspondence — Electrical 

Construction — Express — Financial  Standing — Fire  Insurance — Flour 

and  Feed — Furniture,  etc. 
No.  6. — Subjects  treated  :    Groceries — Hardware — Hotel — Investment 

— Legal — Life  Insurance,  etc. 
No.  7. — Subjects     treated  :      Life     Insurance — Lumber — Municipal — 

Paper  and  Envelopes — Patents  and  Trade  Marks — Patent  Foods — 

Pensions — Pianos — Pottery,  etc. 
*#*  This  work  is  also  published  in  the  following  convenient  forms  in 

cloth  binding — 

Nos.  1  and  2,  in  one  volume,  80  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  65c. 
Nos.  3  and  4,  in  one  volume,  80  pp.,  cloth,  65c. 
Nos.  5  and  6,  in  one  volume,  80  pp.,  cloth,  65c. 
Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4,  in  one  volume.    Special  Shorthand  Edition  without 

Type  Key.     88  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  85c. 
ADVANCED  REPORTING  EXERCISES.     78pp.,  60c. 
BRIEF  REPORTING  EXERCISES.     86pp.,  60c. 
HOW  TO  OBTAIN   SPEED  IN   SHORTHAND.     20pp.,  lOc. 

Containing  practical  advice  from  the  best  known  reporters  throughout 
the  country.     The  whole  of  the  matter  is  counted  for  dictation. 
THE  ACQUISITION  OF  SPEED  IN  PHONOGRAPHY.     24pp.,    30c. 

In  ordinary  type. 

SPEED  TRAINING  IN  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND.     48pp.,  20c.     By 
T.  F.  MARRINER. 

Contains  a  twelve  weeks'  Course,  setting  out  a  definite  scheme  of 
study  and  speed  practice. 


ADAPTATIONS  OF  ISAAC  PITMAN'S 
PHONOGRAPHY  TO  OTHER  LANGUAGES 

TAQUIGRAFIA  ESPANOLA  DE   ISAAC  PITMAN.     119pp.,   cloth, 
gilt,    $1.30. 

Adaptaci6n  a  la  Lengua  Espanola  del  Sistema  de  Fonografia  del 
Autor.  Para  uso  de  Escuelas  de  Comercio,  Institutes  y  tambien  para 
Estudio  Personal. 

Being  an  Adaptation  of  Isaac  Pitman's  Shorthand  to  the  Spanish 
Language. 
KEY  TO  "TAQUIGRAFIA  ESPANOLA."    Cloth,  gilt,  $1.00. 

With  additional  Exercises. 

SPANISH  PHONOGRAPHY.     $1.25.     By  G.  PARODY. 
SPANISH  SHORTHAND  COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE.   56  pp., 
75c. 

A  series  of  business  letters  in  Spanish  Phonography,  with  the  Key 
in  ordinary  type. 

8 


FRENCH  PHONOGRAPHY.    Cloth,  80c.    By  T.  A.  REED. 

Third  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     An  adaptation  of  Phonography 
to  the  French  language. 
STENOGRAPHIE  PITMAN.     Cloth,    $1.25.     Par  SPENCER  HERBERT. 

An  adaptation  of  Isaac  Pitman's  Phonography  to  the  French  language. 
fMETHODE    DE   PHONOGRAPHIE   PITMAN.     57pp.,    $1.26.     By 

H.  DELAJOUX. 
LESSONS     IN     FRENCH     PHONOGRAPHY.       By  "  STENOS."      In 

preparation. 
FRENCH  SHORTHAND  COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE.   89  pp., 

cloth,  75c. 

A  Series  of  Business  Letters  in  French  Phonography,  with  type  Key. 
GERMAN  PHONOGRAPHY.    64  pp.,  crown  8vo,  cloth,  85c. 

An  adaptation  of  Phonography  to  the  German  language. 
DUTCH  PHONOGRAPHY.     $2.50.    By  F.  DE  HAAN. 

An  adaptation  of  Phonography  to  the  Dutch  language. 
PITMAN'S    PHONOGRAPHY   ADAPTED    TO    ESPERANTO.     Limp 

cloth,  50c. 
JAPANESE   PHONOGRAPHY.    Complete.     $1.25. 


SHORTHAND   READING   BOOKS 

The  student,  to  increase  his  speed,  and  to  improve  his  knowledge 
of  Phonography,  cannot  read  too  much  well-engraved  shorthand.  One 
advantage  of  studying  the  Isaac  Pitman  system — and  one  which 
cannot  well  be  over-estimated — is,  that  the  shorthand  literature  in 
that  system  is  far  in  excess  of  all  other  systems  combined. 

ELEMENTARY  STYLE. 

AESOP'S  FABLES.     30c.     In  words  of  one  syllable. 
EASY  READINGS.     25c.     With  Key. 
THE  LEARNER'S   SHORTHAND  READER.     25c. 
STIRRING  TALES.     56pp.,  30c. 

PERILS  OF  THE  BUSH,  AND   OTHER  TALES.    30c. 
SHORT  STORIES.    30c. 

INTERMEDIATE  STYLE. 

PITMAN'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  READER,  No.  1.    30c. 
THE  RUNAWAY  AIRSHIP,  AND  OTHER  TALES.    96  pp.,  70c. 
THE  THIRTEENTH  HOLE,  AND  OTHER  TALES.     70c. 
SUBMARINE  X7,  AND  OTHER  TALES.    91  pp.,  60c. 
THE  DIAMOND  APE,  AND  OTHER  TALES.     96  pp.,  60c. 
THE  HINDOO  IDOL,  AND  OTHER  TALES.    87  pp.,  70c. 
SELECT  READINGS,  No.  1.     48pp.,  25c. 

Partial  list  of  selections  :  "  A  Rill  from  the  Town  Pump  "  (NATHANIEL 
HAWTHORNE)  ;  "  The  Heart  of  London  "  (CHARLES  DICKENS)  ;  "  The 
Man  in  Black  "   (OLIVER  GOLDSMITH)  ;    "  Household  Superstitions  " 
(JOSEPH  ADDISON)  ;    "  Caught  in  the  Quicksand,"  etc. 
SELECT  READINGS,  No.  2.    48pp.,  30c. 

Containing  "  A  First  Night  at  Sea  "  (RICHARD  H.  DANA)  ;  "Niagara  " 
(DICKENS)  ;   "  The  Candid  Man  "  (BULWER  LYTTON),  etc. 
TALES  OF  ADVENTURE.    88pp.,  60c. 
THE  BATTLE  OF  LIFE.     120  pp.,  cloth,  80c.    By  CHARLES  DICKENS. 


THE  SILVER  SHIP  OF  MEXICO.     132  pp.,  cloth,   Sl.OO.     By  J.  H. 

INGRAHAM. 
THE  BOOK  OF  PSALMS.     174  pp.,  roan,  gilt,   $1.25. 

GULLIVER'S    VOYAGE    TO    LILLIPUT.      88pp.,    cloth,    80e.      By 

DEAN  SWIFT. 
TALES  AND  SKETCHES.    96  pp.,  80c. ;    cloth,  $1.00.    With  printed 

Key.     By  WASHINGTON  IRVING. 
THE  VICAR  OF  WAKEFIELD.     Illustrated.     280pp.,  80c. ;    cloth, 

$1.00.     By  OLIVER  GOLDSMITH. 
ONE  IN  A  MILLION,  AND  OTHER  TALES.    70c. 

ADVANCED  STYLE. 

THE  LEGEND  OF  SLEEPY  HOLLOW.     62  pp.,  30c.     With  printed 

Key.     By  WASHINGTON  IRVING. 
RIP  VAN  WINKLE.  32  pp.,  30c.  With  printed  Key.  By  WASHINGTON 

IRVING. 

PITMAN'S  PHONOGRAPHIC  READER,  No.  2.     30c. 
THE  RETURN  OF  SHERLOCK  HOL3IES.    Vols.  I,  II,  and  III.    Cloth, 

each   $1.00.     By  A.  CONAN  DOYLE. 
SELECTIONS  FROM  AMERICAN  AUTHORS.     112pp.,  60c. ;    cloth, 

75c.    With  Key  in  ordinary  type  at  the  foot  of  each  page. 
Containing  selections  from  the  works  of  Washington  Irving,  Mark 
Twain,     Bret   Harte,     Oliver   Wendell   Holmes,    Benjamin    Franklin, 
Edgar  Allan  Poe,  W.  E.  Channing,  and  Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 
SELF-CULTURE.      91  pp.,    60c.  ;     cloth,    80c.     By   J.    S.    BLACKIE. 

Intellectual,  Physical,  and  Moral. 
SHORT  CUTS  IN  SHORTHAND.    48  pp.,  45c. 

Contains  800  abbreviated  phrases  and  short  cuts  in  engraved  shorthand. 

THE  SIGN  OF  FOUR.    171  pp.,  60c.  ;  cloth,  80c.  By  A.  CONAN  DOYLE. 
TALES  FROM  DICKENS.     147  pp.,  80c. ;   cloth,  $1.00. 

Containing  "  The  Tuggs's  at  Ramsgate,"  "  The  Bloomsbury  Christen- 
ing,"  "  The   Great  Winglebury   Duel,"   and   "  Mr.   Watkins   Tottle," 
from  "  Sketches  by  Boz." 
AROUND  THE  WORLD  IN  EIGHTY  DAYS.     160pp.,  85c. ;  cloth, 

$1.00.     By  JULES  VERNE. 
A  CHRISTMAS  CAROL,     lllpp.,  60c. ;    cloth,  80c.     By  CHARLES 

DICKENS. 
HOW  TO  OBTAIN  SPEED  IN  SHORTHAND.    20  pp.,  lOc. 

Containing  practical  advice  from  well-known  reporters.  The  whole 
of  the  matter  is  counted  for  dictation. 

THE  BIBLE   IN   SHORTHAND.     Cloth,   beveled  boards,  red  edges, 
$4.00  ;    roan,  gilt  edges,  $5.00. 

Each  style  has  a  silk  marker  and  comes  boxed.    Containing  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments. 
THE  CHURCH  SERVICES  (ENTIRE).    935pp.,  roan,  $3.50  ;   morocco, 

$4.50.     In  an  Easy  Reporting  Style. 

GARDEN  OF  THE  SOUL.    In  Pitman's  Shorthand,  freely  vocalized,  and 
beautifully  reproduced.    In  leather,  gilt,  202  pp.,  5  by  3  in.    $1.00. 

Compiled  from  authorized  sources,  and  containing  a  selection  of 
recognized  Prayers  and  Devotions  in  General  Use,  Devotions  for  Mass, 
Various  Litanies,  Instructions  on  the  Sacraments,  etc.,  etc. 

10 


WORKS   ON  SHORTHAND 


A  COMMENTARY  ON  PITMAN'S   SHORTHAND,  or  The  Teachers 

Vade  Mecum.  384pp.,  cloth,  §2.00.  By  J.  W.  TAYLOR. 
This  work  takes  rank  as  the  most  authoritative  analysis  of  the  basic 
principles  of  Phonography  yet  published.  The  author,  James  William 
Taylor,  has  crystallized  in  this  work  the  results  of  many  years  of 
experience  in  successfully  teaching  the  Isaac  Pitman  system.  Engraved 
shorthand  examples  are  given  which  cover  the  whole  of  the  principles, 
and  the  Commentary  contains  what  practically  amounts  to  a  classi- 
fication of  the  words  in  the  "  Shorthand  Dictionary  "  under  their 
respective  rules. 

THE  METHODS  OF  TEACHING  SHORTHAND.     Cloth,  gilt,   $1.50. 

By  EDWARD  J.  MCNAMARA. 

Containing  a  plan   of  instruction   for   shorthand   classes  that  will 
furnish  practical  solutions  to  many  of  the  problems  that  confront  the 
teacher  in  the  classroom.     The  wide  experience  of  the  author  has 
enabled  him  to  make  the  treatise  pre-eminently  practical. 
THE  TEACHING  OF  SHORTHAND  IN  INTERMEDIATE  OR  JUNIOR 

HIGH  SCHOOLS.    Parts  I  and  II.  Each,  35c.    By  W.  L.  MASON. 
This  work  is  not  intended  as  a  textbook  in  any  sense  of  the  word, 
but  as  a  teacher's  manual  for  working  out  in  a  practical  way  the 
lessons  presented  in  the  "  Course."     Doing  the  work  in  the  manner 
indicated  will  inevitably  arouse  not  only  interest  but  enthusiasm  on 
the  part  of  the  young  people  taking  up  the  study  of  Phonography. 
HISTORY  OF  SHORTHAND.     258  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,    $2.50.     By  SIR 

ISAAC  PITMAN.     Fourth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 
THE  LIFE  OF  SIR  ISAAC  PITMAN,  INVENTOR  OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 

392  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  gilt  top,  $2.00. 

With    50    illustrations,    including    photogravure    and    many    other 
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NOTES  OF  LESSONS  ON  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND.  109 pp.,  cloth,  85c. 
PREPARATION  FOR  A  SHORTHAND  TEACHER'S  EXAMINATION. 

Cloth,  65c. 
DERIVATIVE  AND  COMPOUND  WORDS  IN  PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND. 

71  pp.,  80c. 

ttTHE    STENOGRAPHIC    EXPERT.      264pp.,    cloth,     $2.25.      By 
WILLARD  B.  BOTTOME  and  W.  F.  SMART. 

Contains  96  pages  of  Isaac  Pitman  engraved  shorthand  notes. 
The  desire  of  every  ambitious  stenographer  is  "  to  sit  in  the  reporter's 
chair  "  in  court,  and  to  reach  the  object  of  his  ambition  it  is  absolutely 
necessary  that  he  familiarize  himself  not  only  with  the  best  methods 
of  acquiring  speed  and  accuracy,  but  the  forms,  technical  practice, 
and  procedure  of  the  court  room.  This  can  be  done  only  in  two  ways  : 
by  slowly  and  laboriously  learning  through  the  few  opportunities  for 
practice  work  that  present  themselves  from  time  to  time,  or  to  profit 
from  the  experiences  of  others. 

"  The  Stenographic  Expert  "  is  the  embodiment  of  the  experience 
of  its  authors  in  every  step  of  shorthand  work  from  the  humblest 
commercial  office  to  the  reporter's  chair  in  the  Supreme  Court. 
Nothing  is  omitted  and  no  detail  is  left  unexplained. 

11 


PITMAN'S    EXAMINATION    NOTES    ON    SHORTHAND.     48  pp., 

cloth,  65c. 
Containing    valuable    information    for    teachers.     With    shorthand 

illustrations. 

tfSHORTHAND   TEACHER   AND   CLERICAL   ASSISTANT   EXAM- 
INATION.'  180pp.,  cloth,    $1.00.     By  MEYER  E.  ZINMAN. 

fTHE   BIBLIOGRAPHY   OF   SHORTHAND.     256pp.,   cloth,    $2.00. 

By  DR.  WESTBY-GIBSON. 
Comprising  a  list  of  all  known  printed  Works  and  Manuscripts  on 

Stenography. 

A  STEREOPTICON  LECTURE  ON  SHORTHAND.   Paper  covers,  32  pp., 
lOc. 

PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND  AND  TYPEWRITING  YEAR  BOOK  AND 
DIARY.     65c. 

MOTOR  TRADE  PHRASE  BOOK. 

DUTCH  GRAMMALOGS.     30c. 


STATIONERY 

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TYPEWRITING 


PRACTICAL  COURSE  IN  TOUCH  TYPEWRITING.  Fifteenth  Edition, 
revised  and  enlarged,  70c.  ;  cloth,  $1.00.  By  CHAS.  E.  SMITH, 
Author  of  "Cumulative  Speller." 

A  Scientific  Method  of  Mastering  the  Keyboard  by  the  Sense  of  Touch. 
The  design  of  this  work  is  to  teach  touch  typewriting  in  such  a  way 
that  the  student  will  operate  by  touch — will  have  an  absolute  command 
of  every  key  on  the  keyboard,  and  be  able  to  strike  any  key  more 
readily  without  looking  than  would  be  the  case  with  the  aid  of  sight. 
A  separate  Chart  containing  Keyboard  and  Diagrams  printed  in  five 
colors,  on  a  heavy  double-calendered  cardboard,  accompanies  each 
copy.  The  best  course  of  instruction  in  typewriting  ever  published. 
Adopted  by  the  New  York,  Boston,  and  Baltimore  Boards  of  Education. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  George  L.  Hossfield,  who  won  the  World's 
Typewriting  Championship  in  1918,  Miss  Rose  L.  Fritz,  four  times 
winner  of  the  Championship,  and  Miss  Margaret  B.  Owen,  also  four  times 
winner  (in  1913,  1915,  1916,  and  1917)  learned  touch  typewriting  from 
this  textbook. 

PRACTICAL  COURSE  IN  TOUCH  TYPEWRITING.  Special  Underwood 
Edition  for  Models  3,  4,  and  5.  80c.  ;  cloth,  $1,20, 

13 


tHIGH   SPEED   IN  TYPEWRITING.      108  pp.,   90c.  ;     cloth,    $1.15. 

By  A.  M.  KENNEDY  and  FRED  JARRETT. 

Complete  in  Fifty  Lessons.  Each  Lesson  is  divided  into  four  exercises. 
The  fourth  exercise  of  each  of  the  fifty  lessons  is  graded  in  such  a  way 
that  the  operator  commences  the  work  at  a  speed  of  4.7  strokes  per 
second,  or  50  words  in  the  minute  ;  and  finishes  the  fiftieth  lesson  with 
a  speed  of  9.3  strokes  per  second,  or  102  words  a  minute. 
ADVANCED  TYPEWRITING  AND  OFFICE  TRAINING.  136  pp.,  50c. 

Practice  book  for  advanced  students. 
A  TYPEWRITING  CATECHISM.      150pp.,   size  8  by   10  in.,    $1.50. 

By  Mrs.  SMITH-CLOUGH. 

The  aim  of  this  work  is  to  make  the  study  of  typewriting  as  vitally 
interesting  as  possible. 
fTHE  RAPID  LETTER-CENTERING  CHART.    With  16-page  booklet 

of  Instruction.     25e. 
fHOW  TO  TEACH  TYPEWRITING.     Size  8  by  10  in.,  94pp.,  cloth, 

82.00.     By  KATE  PICKARD. 
A  DICTIONARY  OF  TYPEWRITING.    276  pp.,  $3.00.    With  numerous 

plates  and  examples.     By  H.  ETHERIDGE. 

A  standard  work  of  reference  on  all  matters  relating  to  typewriting 
and  typewriters,  for  the  use  of  students,  typists,  teachers,  and  others 
interested  in  typewriters. 

MECHANICAL     DEVICES    OF    THE    TYPEWRITER.      88    pp.,    46 
illustrations  and  28  diagrams,  cloth,  $2.50. 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH,  OFFICE 
PRACTICE,  Etc. 

HOW  TO  BECOME  AN  OFFICE   STENOGRAPHER.     Cloth,    $1.50. 
By  WILLIAM  L.  MASON. 

A  complete  course  intended  for  the  untrained  shorthand  student  who 
is  ambitious  to  secure  a  good  position  without  previou*  experience, 
and  adapted  for  use  as  a  textbook  in  business  schools  and  high  school 
commercial  departments.  The  Course  is  thoroughly  up  to  date,  and 
follows  the  actual  practice  of  the  best  houses  in  America.  Many 
genuine  forms  and  illustrations  are  included. 
SUPPLEMENTARY  FORMS  FOR  "  HOW  TO  BECOME  AN  OFFICE 

STENOGRAPHER."     75c. 
tf  STENOGRAPHER  AND  TYPIST.    315  pp.,  $1.00. 

A  book  of  preparation  for  Civil  Service  Positions. 
HOW   TO   BECOME   A   LAW   STENOGRAPHER.      168pp.,   boards, 
$1.00  ;    cloth,   $1.25.      By  W.  L.  MASON,  a  Law  and  Convention 
Reporter  of  30  years'  experience. 

For  Stenographers  and  Typists.  Fifth  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 
A  Compendium  of  Legal  Forms  containing  a  complete  set  of  Legal 
Documents  accompanied  with  full  explanations  and  directions  for 
arranging  the  same  on  the  typewriter. 

A  large  number  of  legal  words  and  phrases  have  been  added  to  the 
new  edition,  together  with  engraved  shorthand  outlines. 

Explanations  of  the  meanings  of  the  technical  terms  employed  and 
a  carefully  compiled  list  of  the  Latin  phrases  in  common  use  are  given. 
A  useful  feature  is  the  very  complete  Index  with  cross  references. 

14 


INSTRUCTION    IN  LEGAL  WORK.    40pp.,  25c. 

In  ordinary  type.      For  Court   Stenographers  and   Law   Students. 
Reprinted  from  "  Pitman's  Twentieth  Century  Dictation  and  Legal 
Forms." 
STYLE  BOOK  OF  BUSINESS  ENGLISH.    234  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $1.10. 

Seventh  Edition,  revised.  By  H.W.  HAMMOND  &  MAX  J.  HERZBERG. 
For  Stenographers  and  Correspondents.  This  new  treatise  will 
especially  appeal  to  the  teacher  of  English  wherever  it  is  seen.  Teachers 
of  this  subject  using  this  work  can  feel  assured  of  vastly  better  results 
than  they  have  ever  before  secured.  The  new  edition  contains  a  special 
chapter  on  Card-Indexing,  Letter-Filing,  and  the  Duties  of  a  Private 
Secretary.  In  every  instance  the  usage  indicated  has  been  based  on 
actual  correspondence,  but  the  material  has  been  so  arranged  as  to  be 
pedagogically  most  effective.  The  book  will  be  found  of  more  than 
ordinary  helpfulness  to  students  preparing  for  the  Regents'  and 
Teachers'  Examinations.  Adopted  by  the  New  York  High  Schools. 
KEY  TO  "  STYLE  BOOK."  25c. 
PITMAN'S  CUMULATIVE  SPELLER.  1 12  pp.,  cloth,  50c.  By  CHARLES 

E.  SMITH,  Author  of  "A  Practical  Course  in  Touch  Typewriting." 
A  modern  and  practical  speller  for  Commercial  Education.     As  the 
title  indicates,  the  plan  is  cumulative. 

A  special  edition  of  "  Cumulative  Speller  "   is  also  issued  with  a 
SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY  for  schools  teaching  the  Isaac  Pitman 

system.     Cloth,   gilt,   145pp.,   70c. 
EXERCISES  ON  CUMULATIVE  SPELLER.     56pp.,  35c. 

A  series  of  Graded  Exercises  on  the  words  in  the  various  lessons. 
In  ordinary  type. 

BOOK  OF  HOMONYMS.     192  pp.,  cloth,   $1.30.     By  B.  S.  BARRETT. 
PITMAN'S    POCKET    COMMERCIAL    DICTIONARY.     384pp.,    stiff 

boards,  oOc.    The  latest  and  best  pocket  dictionary. 
BOOKKEEPING  SIMPLIFIED.    272  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $1.50.    By  FRED 

J.  NEY. 

The  object  of  this  new  work  has  been  to  supply  the  wants,  not  only 
of  the  examination  room,  but  also  of  the  modern  American  office, 
embodying,  as  it  does,  all  the  essentials  of  bookkeeping. 
KEY  TO  "BOOKKEEPING   SIMPLIFIED."     Cloth,   $1.30. 


LANGUAGES 


"  Like  all  Pitman  publications  in  modern  languages,  the  book  is 
practical  and  sensible,  and  on  the  mechanical  side  attractively  printed 
and  bound." — Journal  of  Education,  Boston,  on  "  A  New  German 
Grammar." 

Books  marked  f  authorized  by  the  New  York  Board  of  Education. 
Books  marked  *  are  used  in  the  College  of  Business  Administration  of 
Boston  University. 

(For  dictionaries  in  several  languages,  see  p.  22.) 

SPANISH 

PITMAN'S  PRACTICAL  SPANISH  GRAMMAR  AND  CONVERSATION 
FOR  SELF-INSTRUCTION.    112  pp.,  60c. ;  cloth,  75c. 

15 


f*PITMAN'S  COMMERCIAL  SPANISH  GRAM31AR.     166pp.,  cloth, 

$1.50.     By  C.  A.  TOLEDANO. 

This  book  contains  in  its  exercises  and  conversations  an  abundant 
commercial  phraseology,  and  at  the  same  time  a  thorough  treatise  on 
Spanish  Grammar.  Those  rules  and  illustrations  which  would  be  too 
cumbersome  in  the  body  of  the  book  are  given  in  appendixes  which 
the  student  will  find  of  extreme  use  for  reference.  A  synopsis  of  Spanish 
conjugations  compiled  on  an  original  plan,  will  be  found  of  great  aid 
in  mastering  the  Spanish  irregular  verbs.  It  is  both  a  practical  com- 
mercial grammar  and  a  complete  grammar  of  the  Castilian  language, 
written  by  a  competent  master  as  well  as  a  commercial  man  of  long 
experience. 
KEY  TO  "COMMERCIAL  SPANISH  GRAMMAR."  85c. 

EASY    SPANISH    CONVERSATIONAL    SENTENCES.      32pp.,    25c. 
With  literal  interlinear  translation  and  imitated  pronunciation. 

ADVANCED  SPANISH  CONVERSATIONAL  EXERCISES.  32  pp.,  25c. 

SPANISH  BUSINESS  LETTERS.    Series  I,  25c.    Series  II,  30c.    32  pp. 

With  Vocabulary. 
SPANISH  COMMERCIAL  PHRASES.    32  pp.,  25c. 

t*PITMAN'S     COMMERCIAL     CORRESPONDENCE     IN     SPANISH. 

267pp.,  cloth,  gilt,    $1.35. 

An  edition  of  "  Commercial  Correspondence  "  (already  published  in 
English,  French,  and  German)  in  Spanish.  The  work  gives  all  the 
letters  contained  in  the  other  editions,  and  there  is,  in  addition,  a  full 
account  of  the  Spanish  Weights  and  Measures  and  the  Spanish  Coinage. 

"  In  view  of  the  present  relations  with  Spanish-speaking  people  and 
of  our  enlarging  prospects  in  this  direction,  this  manual  should  prove 
most  helpful  to  all  exporters  and  their  correspondence." — Scientific 
American  (New  York). 

*MANUAL  OF  SPANISH  COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE.  360  pp.. 
cloth,  gilt,  $1.65.    By  G.  R.  MACDONALD. 

Contains  an  extensive  selection  of  commercial  letters  in  Spanish  and 
in  English,  with  footnotes,  carefully  graduated,  explaining  commercial 
terms  with  which  the  reader  is  likely  to  be  unacquainted.  Besides  the 
large  number  of  letters  and  exercises  in  both  languages,  there  have  been 
included  market  reviews  of  all  kinds,  and  Stock  Exchange  and  financial 
reports,  exhaustive  lists  of  textiles,  countries,  numerals,  colors,  technical 
and  mechanical  terms,  and  a  very  comprehensive  vocabulary  in  both 
languages. 

"  However  fluently  one  may  speak  Spanish,  this  manual  will  prove 
invaluable  in  the  transaction  of  business  with  the  other  Americans.  It 
also  contains  exhaustive  lists  of  textiles,  countries,  numerals,  colors, 
technical  terms,  and  a  very  helpful  vocabulary  combined  to  make  the 
work  the  most  helpful  book  of  reference  for  any  shipping  office. "- 
South  American  (New  York). 

*SPANISH     BUSINESS     CONVERSATIONS     AND     INTERVIEWS. 

114pp.,  cloth,  85c.    New  Edition. 

"  There  has  been  a  very  decided  need  for  a  book  of  this  character. 
The  collection  of  letters  which  conclude  the  volume  is  especially  strong 
in  conveying  the  spirit  of  Spanish  correspondence  as  well  as  the  form 
and  special  vocabulary," — American  School  Board  Journal  (Milwaukee). 


PITMAN'S    READINGS    IN    COMMERCIAL     SPANISH.       79    pp., 

cloth,  70c. 
SPANISH    TOURISTS'    VADE    MECUM.      Cloth,    60c.      Everyday 

Phrases.     With  Vocabularies,  Tables. 

f*SPANISH  C03D1ERCIAL  READER.  250pp.,  cloth,  $1.35  By 
G.  R.  MACDONALD. 

These  commercial  readings  in  Spanish  are  specially  adapted  for 
students  preparing  for  examinations  or  for  a  commercial  career. 
Guided  by  a  long  experience  of  teaching,  and  knowing  the  special 
requirements  of  such  examinations,  the  author  has  arranged  a  selection 
of  some  70  articles  dealing  with  commercial  subjects  of  every  descrip- 
tion. Extensive  market  reviews,  financial  and  industrial  reports,  as 
well  as  a  vocabulary  of  the  words  and  expressions  employed  in  the 
articles,  form  a  useful  part  of  the  volume. 

fENGLISH-SPANISH  AND  SPANISH-ENGLISH  COMMERCIAL 
DICTIONARY.  820  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $3.00.  By  G.  R.  MACDONALD, 
Author  of  "Manual  oj  Spanish  Commercial  Correspondence,"  etc. 

A  complete  work  of  reference  for  students  and  teachers  of  Spanish, 
and  for  those  engaged  in  foreign  correspondence  ;  containing  all  the 
Words  and  Terms  used  in  Commercial  Correspondence  which  are  not 
contained  in  the  Dictionaries  in  ordinary  use,  Compound  Phrases, 
Idiomatic  Expressions,  etc. 

For  the  purpose  of  easy  reference,  the  names  of  countries  and  their 
corresponding  adjectives  have  been  grouped  together,  and  the  names 
of  the  days  of  the  week,  the  months  of  the  year,  the  cardinal  and 
ordinal  numbers  are  also  given,  together  with  tables  of  Spanish  money, 
weights  and  measures,  and  of  abbreviations  commonly  used  in  Spanish. 
In  this  new  edition  a  large  number  of  words  and  definitions  have  been 
added  and  extensive  improvements  have  been  made  throughout  in 
order  to  bring  it  completely  up-to-date. 

%*   The  only  authorized   edition   of   this  valuable  work.      In  order- 
ing through    a    bookseller   insist   upon   having   the    edition    bearing   the 
imprint  oj  Isaac  Pitman  &•  Sons  on  the  title-page.    All  other  editions  are 
reproductions  from  old  plates  and  are  completely  out  of  date. 
SPANISH   VERBS.     180  pp.,  cloth,  $1.00.    By  G.  R.  MACDONALD. 

A  complete  treatise  dealing  with  Spanish  verbs  in  a  manner  that 
will  make  the  subject  interesting  and  help  the  student  to  remember 
what  is  necessary.  Regular  and  irregular  verbs  are  dealt  with,  including 
an  analysis  of  the  chief  irregularities,  the  correct  use  of  the  tenses, 
the  uses  of  verbs  in  many  idiomatic  forms,  and  short  cuts  or  easy  rules 
to  commit  to  memory. 

SPANISH  IDIOMS,  WITH  THEIR  ENGLISH  EQUIVALENTS.    Crown 

8vo,  102  pp.,  $1.25.    By  R.  D.  MONTEVERDE,  B.A. 
An  indispensable  work  to  all  taking  up  the  study  of  Spanish,  or 
those  interested  in  Spanish  literature. 
LESSONS  IN  SPANISH  COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE.    107  pp., 

85c.     By  G.  R.  MACDONALD. 
COMMERCIAL  AND  TECHNICAL  TERMS  IN  THE  ENGLISH  AND 

SPANISH  LANGUAGES.    Crown  8vo,  120pp.,  $1.50.    By  R.  D. 

MONTEVERDE,  B.A. 

Together  with  weights  and  measures  for  the  use  of  schools  and  for 
self -instruction . 

17 

8— (438) 


FRENCH 

HITMAN'S  FRENCH  COURSE.     Part  I.  New   Edition.     Limp  cloth, 

60c.     By  V.  F.  HIBBERD. 

This  book  contains  an  outline  of  the  Grammar  to  the  end  of  the 
regular   verbs,   together  with   conversational   phrases   and   sentences, 
short  stories,  and  double  vocabularies.     The  rules  are  stated  concisely 
and  clearly,  and  the  lessons  are  very  carefully  graded. 
PROGRESSIVE  FRENCH  GRAMMAR.    Part  I,  336  pp.,  cloth,  $1.45; 
Part  II,  225  pp.,  cloth,  $1.00.     By  Dr.  F.  A.   HEDGCOCK,    Officier 
de  I' instruction  publique  ;    Officier  d'  Academie,  and  the  only  English 
Docteur-es-lettres  of  the  University  oj  Paris. 

The  method  is  a  combination  of  the  direct  with  the  indirect,  and 
by    means   of   phonetic  type,  a  closely   approximate  idea  of  French 
pronunciation  is  conveyed. 
KEY  TO  PARTS  I  AND  II  OF  PROGRESSIVE  FRENCH  GRAMMAR. 

Si  35 
*FRENCH-ENGLISH        AND        ENGLISH-FRENCH    COMMERCIAL 

DICTIONARY.     576  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $2.00.    By  F.  W.  SMITH. 
Contains  the  words  and  terms  used  in  Commercial  Correspondence 
which  are  not  given  in  the  dictionaries  in  ordinary  use.     Compound 
Phrases,  Idiomatic  and  Technical  Expressions,  etc. 

Practically  every  word  that  most  people  are  likely  to  require  is 
included,  and  the  work  abounds  in  terms  and  phrases  specially  employed 
in  commerce. 
*PITMAN'S   COMMERCIAL   FRENCH   GRAMMAR.     166pp.,   cloth, 

$1.00. 

A  thorough  treatise  on  French  Grammar  containing  in  its  exercises  an 
abundant  commercial  phraseology.    The  grammar  is  taught  on  normal 
lines  ;    accidence  and  syntax  have  been,  as  far  as  possible,  blended. 
PITMAN'S    PRACTICAL    FRENCH     GRAMMAR.       128pp.,    paper 

boards,  45c. ;    cloth,  55c. 

And  Conversations  for  Self-Instruction,  with  copious  Vocabulary  and 
Imitated  Pronunciation. 
A  CHILD'S  FIRST   STEPS  IN  FRENCH.     64pp.,   cloth,   SOc.     By 

A.  VIZETELLY.     New  Edition  with  tinted  illustrations. 
"  This  little  book  really  '  is  different.'     It  is  a  child's  book,  dealing 
with  things  dear  to  the  child  heart.     There  are  64  lessons,  the  subject 
matter  well  chosen,  the  exercises  well  graded,  and  almost  every  page 
illustrated." — Sierra  Educational  News  (San  Francisco). 

"  The  illustrator  has  caught  the  pose  and  expression  of  children 
intent  upon  work  or  play." — American  School  Board  Journal. 
fPITMAN'S  FRENCH  COMMERCIAL  READER.    208  pp.,  cloth,  gilt, 

$1.50. 

Deals  in  an  interesting  manner  with  the  leading  Commercial  and 
National  Institutions  of  France. 

The  reading  matter  is  most  carefully  selected,  and  while  the  student 
of  French  is  improving  his  mastery  of  the  language,  he  is  at  the  same 
time  getting  a  good  insight  into  French  commercial  methods.  Accuracy 
is  assured,  as  the  Reader  has  been  prepared  under  the  supervision  of 
well-known  masters  in  modern  languages. 
COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE  IN  FRENCH.  240  pp.,  cloth, 

$1.35. 

Gives  all  the  letters  of  the  "  Commercial  Correspondence  in  English  " 
translated  into  French. 

18 


GRADUATED     FRENCH-ENGLISH     COMMERCIAL     CORRESPON- 
DENCE.    160  pp.,  cloth,  85c.     By  MAURICE  DENEVE. 

EXAMINATION  NOTES   ON  FRENCH.     50pp.,   cloth,   60c.     By  F. 
W.  M.  DRAPER. 

FRENCH  BUSINESS  LETTERS.    Scries  I,  31  pp.,  30c.    Series  II,  30c. 
With  many  notes  in  English. 

EASY  FRENCH  CONVERSATIONAL  SENTENCES.     32pp.,  25c. 
With  literal  interlinear  translation  and  imitated  pronunciation. 

ADVANCED  FRENCH  CONVERSATIONAL  EXERCISES.    32  pp.,  25c. 

PITMAN'S  READINGS  IN  COMMERCIAL  FRENCH.  90  pp.,  cloth,  50c. 

*PITMAN'S  INTERNATIONAL  MERCANTILE  LETTERS,  ENGLISH- 
FRENCH.    250  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  '$1.35. 

JUNIOR  FRENCH  COMMERCIAL  READER.     Cloth,  80  pp.,  50c.  By 
F.  W.  M.  DRAPER. 

Treats  of  industry,  commerce,  distribution,  and  production. 
MODELS  AND  EXERCISES  IN  COMMERCIAL  FRENCH.     180pp., 
cloth,   $1.00.     By  E.  T.  GRIFFITHS. 

Students  and  teachers  of  Commercial  French  will  find  in  this  book 
an  exceedingly  useful  collection  of  commercial  passages  in  French  for 
unseen  translation. 

GRADUATED  LESSONS  IN  COMMERCIAL  FRENCH.    159  pp.,  cloth, 
85c.     By  F.  MARSDEN. 

This  book  may  be  used  with  advantage  right  from  the  early  stages  of 
the  study. 

TOURIST'S  VADE  MECUM  OF  FRENCH  COLLOQUIAL  CONVERSA- 
TION.    91  pp.,  cloth,  65c. 

A  careful  selection  of  every-day  Phrases  in  constant  use. 
fFRENCH  BUSINESS  INTERVIEWS.     114pp.,  cloth,  85c. 

With    Correspondence,    Invoices,    etc.,    each    forming    a    complete 
Commercial  Transaction,   including   Technical   Terms   and   Idiomatic 
Expressions,  with  copious  vocabulary  and  notes  in  English. 
FRENCH  COMMERCIAL  PHRASES  AND  ABBREVIATIONS.    30  pp., 

30c. 

RAPID    31ETHOD     OF     SIMPLIFIED    FRENCH    CONVERSATION. 
192pp.,  cloth,    $1.00. 

A  valuable  aid  to  anyone  teaching  or  learning  by  the  direct  method. 
FRENCH  VOCABULARIES  AND  IDIOMATIC  PHRASES.     128pp., 
cloth,  85c.     By  EDWARD  J.  KEALEY,  B.A. 

This  collection  of  idiomatic  phrases  and  words  suggested  by  them  is 
intended  for  the  student  who  is  anxious  to  learn  to  think  and  to  express 
his  thoughts  in  French.  Regular  and  systematic  effort  in  the  matter 
in  this  book  will  enable  him  to  have  the  3,000  phrases  in  it  at  his 
fingers'  ends  well  within  a  year. 

FRENCH    FOUNDATION    BOOK    OF    VERBS,    ACCIDENCE    AND 
SYNTAX.     91  pp.,  50c. 

This  little  book  provides  the  indispensable  information  in  French 
Verbs,  Accidence,  and  Syntax,  without  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
which  a  pupil  cannot  speak  or  write  simple  French  correctly.  It  is 
not  supposed  that  French  can  be  learnt  from  it  alone,  but  it  is  hoped 
that  it  will  prove  useful  to  masters  who  teach  their  pupils  by  some 
well-developed  Direct  Method,  and  yet  find  it  necessary  to  fix  the 
rules  of  the  language  by  some  definite  learning  and  exercise.  This 
book  is  a  Memory  Aid  and  Drill  for  that  purpose. 

19 


ENGLISH-FRENCH    AND    FRENCH-ENGLISH    DICTIONARY     OF 
BUSINESS  WORDS  AND  TERMS. 

With  a  List  of  Abbreviations  in  General  Use.  Vest-pocket  Edition. 
2Jin.  by  6£  in.,-540  pp.,  cloth,  $1.35. 

GERMAN 

A  NEW  GERMAN  GRAMMAR.     295pp.,   cloth,    $1.50.     By  JOHN 

KEEGAN,  M.A. 

A  complete  and  reliable  up-to-date  Grammar  for  use  in  high  schools 
and  for  study  without  a  master. 

"  This  attractive  new  German  Grammar  not  only  provides  a  carefully 
graduated  approach  to  German,  but  also  contains  all  the  essentials  of 
the  language,  so  that  it  may  be  retained  as  a  reference  work  after  the 
learner  has  mastered  the  elements.  The  author  has  sensibly  not 
assumed  a  knowledge  of  English  on  the  part  of  the  student,  and  has 
frequently  taken  the  trouble  to  explain  principles  underlying  English 
usage  as  well  as  German." — Journal  of  Education  (Boston). 
PITMAN'S  PRACTICAL  GERMAN  GRAMMAR.  New  Edition. 

112pp.,  cloth,   $1.00. 
PITMAN'S   COMMERCIAL   GERMAN   GRAMMAR.      182pp.,    cloth, 

$1.00. 

A  companion  volume  to  "  Spanish  Commercial  Grammar,"  teaching 
the  rules  of  German  Grammar  on  the  basis  of  a  commercial  vocabulary. 
PITMAN'S  GERMAN  COMMERCIAL  READER.  208  pp.,  cloth,  gilt, 

$2.00. 

Is  prepared  on  similar  lines  to  the  "  French  Commercial  Reader." 
PITMAN'S  READINGS  IN  COMMERCIAL  GERMAN.  90pp.,  cloth, 

50c. 

With  many  notes  and  translations  in  English. 
COMMERCIAL   CORRESPONDENCE   IN   GERMAN.     240  pp.,   cloth, 

$1.35. 

Gives  all  the  letters  of  the  "  Commercial  Correspondence  "  translated 
into  German,  with  useful  notes  at  the  foot  of  each  letter. 
PITMAN'S  INTERNATIONAL  MERCANTILE  LETTERS.    ENGLISH- 
GERMAN.     250pp.,  cloth,  gilt,   $1.50. 
GERMAN  BUSINESS  INTERVIEWS.     Series  I  and  II,  each  100  pp., 

each  65c. 

With  Correspondence,  Invoices,  etc. 
ELEMENTARY      GERMAN      COMMERCIAL      CORRESPONDENCE. 

143  pp.,  cloth,  85c. 
GERMAN-ENGLISH    AND    ENGLISH-GERMAN    DICTIONARY    OF 

BUSINESS  WORDS  AND  TERMS.     Pocket  Edition,  6  by  2  in., 

$2.00. 
EASY   LESSONS   IN     GERMAN.       116  pp.,     cloth,     85c.       By     J. 

BlTHELL,    M.A. 

Twenty-six  interesting  graduated  lessons  are  given,  each  of  which 
is  followed  by  exercises. 

GRADUATED     GERMAN-ENGLISH     COMMERCIAL     CORRESPON- 
DENCE.    212  pp.,  cloth,  $1.50.     By  M.  DENEVE. 

In  this  handbook  the  student  will  find  a  thorough  vocabulary, 
together  with  specimen  letters  introducing  special  words  and  showing 
how  they  can  be  handled. 

20 


GERMAN    GRAMMAR   FOR    SCIENCE    STUDENTS.     Cloth,    $1.25. 
By  W.  A.  OSBORNE  and  E.  E.  OSBORNE. 

Written  to  enable  students  to  read  scientific  articles  and  treatises 
published  in  the  German  language. 
EASY   GERMAN  CONVERSATIONAL   SENTENCES.     32pp.,   30c. 

With  literal  interlinear  translation  and  imitated  pronunciation. 
ADVANCED  GERMAN  CONVERSATIONAL  EXERCISES.    32  pp.,  30c. 
TOURISTS'  VADE  MECUM  OF  GERMAN  COLLOQUIAL  CONVER- 
SATION.    65c. 
GERMAN    BUSINESS    LETTERS.    43pp.,  25c.    First  Series. 

With   numerous   marginal   vocabulary   and   notes  in   English,    and 
letters  in  German  script  characters. 
GERMAN   BUSINESS   LETTERS.    Second  Series.    48  pp.,  25c. 

ITALIAN 

NAVAL  DICTIONARY.  ITALIAN-ENGLISH  AND  ENGLISH-ITALIAN. 

356  pp.,  cloth,  $4.00.    By  W.  T.  DAVIS. 

A  dictionary  of  Naval  and  Mercantile  Ship  and  Marine  Engineering 
Terms  and  Phrases.     For  the  use  of  ship's  libraries,  naval  architects, 
and  marine  engineers,  etc. 
PITMAN'S    COMMERCIAL   ITALIAN    GRAMMAR.      154pp.,    cloth, 

$1.35.  By  LUIGI  RICCI,  Professor  at  the  University  of  London. 
"  Professor  Ricci,  an  Italian  with  the  advantages  of  English  residence 
and  experience,  has  brought  together  in  about  70  lessons  the  main 
principles  of  Italian  Grammar  and  Syntax,  illustrating  them  with  over 
1,400  useful  commercial  phrases  and  idioms,  and  providing  abundant 
material  for  practice  in  the  116  exercises  scattered  through  the  book. 
The  volume  also  contains  a  complete  list  of  irregular  verbs,  a  vocabulary, 
and  an  index.  It  is  invaluable  to  the  prospective  user  of  Italian  in 
business." — Journal  of  Education  (Boston). 

TOURIST'S  VADE  MECUM  OF  ITALIAN  COLLOQUIAL  CONVER- 
SATION.    96pp.,  cloth,  60c. 
With  Vocabularies,  Tables,  etc. 

PITMAN'S  INTERNATIONAL  MERCANTILE  LETTERS.    ENGLISH- 
ITALIAN.     Cloth,  gilt,   $1.50. 

BARETTI'S    DICTIONARY    OF    THE    ITALIAN     AND     ENGLISH 
LANGUAGES.    In  2  vols.  :   Vol.  I,  796  pp.  ;  Vol.  II,  758  pp.,  cloth, 
gilt,  $7.50.    Edited  by  J.  DAVENPORT  and  G.  COMELATI. 
ITALIAN  BUSINESS  LETTERS.     48pp.,  30c.     By  A.  VALGIMIGLI. 
The  book  should  be  of  great  practical  value  to  students  of  Italian 
commercial  letter  writing.     As  is  known,  the  tonic  accent  in  Italian 
generally  falls  on  the  penultimate  syllable,  and  words  deviating  from 
this  rule  have  been  accented  throughout  in  the  present  manual. 

PORTUGUESE 

A  PRACTICAL  GRAMMAR  OF  THE   PORTUGUESE   LANGUAGE. 

325  pp.,  cloth,   $2.00.     By  C.  A.  and  A.  TOLEDANO. 

PITMAN'S  INTERNATIONAL  MERCANTILE  LETTERS.    ENGLISH- 
PORTUGUESE.     Cloth,  gilt,   $1.35. 

LESSONS    IN    PORTUGUESE    COMMERCIAL    CORRESPONDENCE. 

120pp.,  cloth,  85c. 

21 


A    NEW    DICTIONARY    OF    THE    PORTUGUESE    AND    ENGLISH 

LANGUAGES.     In   2  vols.,  cloth,  gilt.      Portuguese-English  and 

English-Portuguese.     §6.00  each.     Each  volume  sold  separately. 

Based  on  a  MS.  of  JULIUS  CORNET.  By  H.  MICHAELIS.  Second  Ed. 

Enriched  by  a  great  number  of  technical  terms  used  in  Commerce, 

Industry,  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  including  a  great  variety  of  expressions 

from  the  language  of  daily  life. 

ABRIDGED  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  PORTUGUESE  AND  ENGLISH 
LANGUAGES.  In  2  Parts  :  I,  Portuguese-English  ;  II,  English- 
Portuguese.  Both  parts  in  one  vol.,  $7.50.  By  H.  MICHAELIS. 
Including  technical  expressions  of  Commerce  and  Industry,  of 

Science  and  Arts. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

DICTIONARY  OF  COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCE  IN  SEVEN 
LANGUAGES.  718pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $3.00.  New  Edition,  enlarged 
and  thoroughly  revised. 

A  standard  work  containing  thousands  of  expressions  used  in  Com- 
mercial Correspondence  in  English,  French,  German,  Italian,    Portu- 
guese, Spanish,  and  Russian,  and  many  of  the  terms  are  not  to  be 
found  in  ordinary  dictionaries.     It  also  contains  a  considerable  number 
of  model  letters.     A  book'  indispensable  to  the  modern  business  office. 
INTERNATIONAL  TECHNICAL  DICTIONARY  IN  FOUR  LANGUAGES. 
English,   Italian,   French,   and   German.      16mo.     921  pp.,   cloth, 
$4.00.     By  E.  WEBBER,  Engineer. 

The  words  included  are  those  likely  to  be  needed  by  the  electrical  or 
the  mechanical  engineer  ;    by  the  manufacturer,  the  chemist,  and  the 
physicist  ;    by  the  importer  and  the  exporter. 
A    RAH, WAY   TECHNICAL    VOCABULARY.      Crown    8vo,    220pp., 

cloth,   $2.50.     By  L.  SERRAILLIER. 

Comprising  over  5,000  French,   English,   and   American   Technical 
Expressions  relating  to  Railway  Management. 
PITMAN'S     COMMERCIAL     TERMS     AND     PHRASES     IN     FIVE 

LANGUAGES.     3  by  Sin.,  118pp.,  cloth,  85c. 
PITMAN'S  COMMERCIAL  ESPERANTO.     80pp.,  cloth,   $1.00.     By 

W.  M.  PAGE. 

A  Handbook  of  the  International  Language  for  World  Traders. 
AN  ELEMENTARY  GRAMMAR  OF  IDO.     24  pp.,  25c.     By  L.   DE 

BEAUFRONT. 

The  Natural  International  Language,  with  the  simplest  Grammar 
and  Vocabulary,  resulting  from  the  survival  of  the  Fittest  Elements 
in  the  principal  Historical  Languages. 
IDO  COMPLETE  MANUAL.     300pp.,  cloth,   $2.50. 

Consisting     of     Grammar,     Grammatical     Exercises,      Key,     and 
Vocabularies. 

HUGO'S   SYSTEM 
Grammars 

Cloth.  Cloth. 

FRENCH  SIMPLIFIED        $2.00       ITALIAN    SIMPLIFIED  $2.00 

DUTCH               "                  $2.00       PORTUGUESE    «  $2.00 

GERMAN           «                  $2.00       SPANISH             "  $2.00 

RUSSIAN  SIMPLIFIED.     Cloth,   $2.00 

22 


Phrase  Books,  Etc. 

Cloth.  Cloth. 

FRENCH  PHRASE  BOOK  60c.  FRENCH  VERBS  70c. 

GERMAN  "  "  60c.  SPANISH  PHRASE  BOOK  60c. 

ITALIAN  "  "  60c.  SPANISH  VERBS  SIMPLIFIED  85c. 

RUSSIAN  READING  MADE  EASY.    Cloth,   $1.70. 

FRENCH  READING  SIMPLIFIED.       Cloth,   $1.70. 

FRENCH  CONVERSATION  SIMPLIFIED.        $1.70. 


VOCATIONAL  and  ART  WORKS 

THE  ART  OF  PAINTING  IN  PASTEL.  189pp.,  and  40  full  page 
colored  plates  and  15  other  illustrations,  cloth,  gilt,  $5.00.  By 
J.  LITTLEJOHNS,  R.B.A.,  and  L.  RICHMOND,  R.B.A. 

A  book  which  has  the  special  advantage  of  having  been  written  and 
illustrated  by  two  artists  of  repute  who  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
pastel,  and  use  it  habitually  with  power  and  distinction.  Their 
technical  directions  are  practical  and  intelligible,  and  are  calculated 
not  only  to  assist  the  student  greatly  in  his  work,  but  to  enable  the  art 
lover  to  grasp  surely  the  principles  by  which  all  pastel  painting  that  is 
to  be  reckoned  as  sound  and  legitimate  should  be  directed.  The 
sections  into  which  the  book  is  divided  cover  adequately  the  whole 
ground  over  which  the  pastel-painter  is  likely  to  travel,  and  the 
explanatory  text  is  ample  for  all  educational  purposes  ;  and  the 
illustrations  deserve  high  praise  for  their  artistic  merit  and  quality. 
THE  ART  OF  BASKET-MAKING.  154pp.,  with  74  illustrations, 
cloth,  $2.00.  By  THOMAS  OKEY. 

"  This  is  a  well-written,  excellently  illustrated  book,  and  the  work  is 
described  clearly  and  in  details.  The  book  will  be  of  great  service  to 
anyone  interested  in  this  line  of  work. —  Industrial  Arts  Magazine 
(Milwaukee). 

BUSY  WORK  FOR  NIMBLE  FINGERS.  128  pp.,  15  colored  plates, 
14  black-and-white,  and  91  diagrams,  cloth,  $1.85.  By  ANNIE 
GAWTHORPE. 

A  Course  of  Handwork  for  Infants  and  Juniors. 

CANE  WEAVING  FOR  CHILDREN.  40  pp.,  30c.  Nineteenth  Edition. 
By  LUCY  R.  LATTER. 

An  educational  method  of  hand  training. 

CHILDREN'S  GARMENTS.  Their  Planning,  Cutting,  and  Making. 
142pp.,  with  141  diagrams  and  illustrations,  cloth,  $3.00.  By 
EMILY  WALLBANK. 

"  This  book  fills  the  need  for  simple  drafts  and  directions  for  cutting 
garments.  There  is  an  excellent  table  of  measurements  and  all  through 
the  book  the  most  explicit  directions  are  given.  The  book  will  be 
very  helpful  for  those  making  a  specialty  of  children's  garments,  and 
particularly  interesting  and  helpful  to  an  instructor  who  expects  to 
teach  the  making  of  garments.  It  should  be  added  to  all  libraries  of 
art  textbooks." — Journal  of  Home  Economics  (New  York). 

"  With  the  present  high  cost  of  clothes  of  all  kinds  it  will  be  welcomed 
by  home  demonstration  agents  and  other  social  workers  who  help 
mothers  to  spin  out  adequate  work."—  The  Survey  (New  York). 

23 


*CLAY  MODELLING  FOR  INFANTS.  128pp.,  80  practical  and  sug- 
gestive illustrations,  cloth,  $1.00.  By  F.  H.  BROWN,  A.R.C.A. 

"  This  is  a  book  of  a  variety  of  models  beautifully  illustrated  with 
adequate  suggestions,  and  is  an  admirable  guide  to  the  teacher."- 
Journal  of  Education  (Boston). 

CLAY  MODELLING  FOR  SCHOOLS.  With  29  half  tone  illustrations 
and  54  diagrams,  cloth,  $2.00.  By  STEWART  TAYLOR. 

A  suggestive  course  for  teachers  of  modelling,  which  will  provide  a 
progressive  scheme  of  study,  and  should  be  easily  referred  to  when 
guidance  upon  any  particular  aspect  is  needed. 

CLAY  MODELLING  FOR  JUNIORS.  160  pp.,  100  illustrations,  cloth, 
$1.25.  By  F.  H.  BROWN,  A.R.C.A. 

The  methods  suggested  in  "  Clay  Modelling  for  Infants  "  are  here 
further  developed. 

DRAWING.  From  Drawing  as  an  Educational  Force  to  Drawing  as 
an  Expression  of  the  Emotions.  Bound  in  buckram.  6|  by  8£  in. 
102  plus  xii  pp.  plus  32  full-page  plates,  $3.50.  By  A.  S.  HARTRICK. 

"  His  book  is  a  plea  for  sound  teaching  :  it  may  be  called  in  the  best 
sense,  Academic.  He  states  his  views  clearly  and  buttresses  his 
position  by  the  authority  of  many  eminent  artists  whom  he  has  known, 
as  well  as  by  that  of  the  great  masters  of  the  past  ;  and  his  conclusions 
are  not  likely  to  be  challenged.  .  .  Mr.  Hartrick  rightly  desires  to 
bring  to  the  study  of  drawing,  and  also  to  the  schools,  something  of  the 
free  outlook  with  which  we  face  the  world  in  daily  life,  so  that  there 
shall  be  real  impulse  and  search  for  expression  behind  the  work  done."- 
GEORGE  CLAUSEN,  R.A.,  in  the  Foreword. 

fDRAWING  AND  DESIGN.  10  by  7£in.,  224pp.,  18  plates  in  color, 
and  148  other  illustrations  and  diagrams.  Cloth,  $5.35.  By 
SAMUEL  CLEGG. 

A  School  Course  in  Composition.  This  book  should  be  particularly 
useful  in  a  girls'  school  or  in  a  mixed  school,  for  special  attention  is 
paid  to  design  in  needlework.  Art  and  craft  work  are  linked  together. 
The  subject  of  lettering  and  manuscript  writing  is  treated  suggestively 
as  part  of  the  course  in  Art. 

DRAWING  FROM  MEMORY  AND  MIND  PICTURING.  6|  by  8£  in. 
60  pp.,  plus  43  full-page  plates,  $3.00.  By  R.  CATTERSON-SMITH, 
M.A.  Edited  by  F.  MORLEY  FLETCHER. 

"  All  who  are  concerned  with  the  teaching  of  art  have  become  aware 
that  accomplished  studies  in  drawing  or  painting  may  be  made  and  yet 
leave  the  student  with  little  or  no  increase  of  artistic  power.  Studies  in 
mere  representation  seem  to  exercise  only  a  superficial  faculty,  and  may 
be  carried  on  without  stirring  deeper  perceptions.  They  frequently  add 
nothing  to  the  memory  that  is  of  use,  and  may  lead  to  no  increase  of 
the  store  of  remembered  form  upon  which  inventive  design  depends. 

"  Mr.  Catterson-Smith  has  given  many  years  of  labor  and  research  to 
the  study  of  memory  training  for  artistic  purposes,  and  in  this  book 
gives  his  matured  opinions  and  a  series  of  remarkable  results  gained  by 
methods  he  has  devised.  His  pioneer  work  covers  new  ground 
untouched  by  earlier  authorities.  His  results  and  his  ingenious  methods 
provide  a  new  resource  in  art  teaching,  and  increase  our  knowledge  of 
latent  powers  that  may  be  trained  to  great  uses  in  the  art  of  the 
future." — Prefatory  Note  by  the  Editor. 

This  is  the  only  work  in  the  English  language  dealing  with  the 
subject.  The  eminence  of  the  Author  in  the  world  of  art  makes  the 

24 


book  of  first  importance,  and  it  should  find  a  place  in  the  library  of 

everyone  concerned  with  art,  if  only  for  the  beauty  of  the  illustrations 

and  the  innate  excellence  of  the  book  as  a  whole. 

AN  EMBROIDERY  PATTERN  BOOK.     179  pp.,  with  half  tone  illus- 
trations, cloth,  gilt  lettering,   $3.00.     By  MARY  E.  WARING. 
Embroideresses  who  will  begin  by  adapting  the  elements  given  in 

this  Pattern  Book,  and  gain  interest  and  confidence  in  so  doing,  will 

go  forward  insensibly  to  varying  the  elements  themselves,  and  to  taking 

flowers  and  animals  direct  from  Nature. 

DRESS  CUTTING  AND  MAKING.  For  the  Classroom,  Workroom,  and 
Home.  271  pp.,  with  265  diagrams  and  illustrations,  cloth,  $3.00. 
By  EMILY  WALLBANK. 

EMBROIDERY  AND  DESIGN.     103pp.,  over  100  illustrations,  cloth, 

$2.00.     By  JOAN  H.  DREW. 
The  writer  endeavors  to  arouse  in  her  readers  a  desire  for  better 

designs,  and  greater  individuality  and  thought  in  the  home  embroidery 

of  to-day.     The  difference  between  decorative  and  undecorative  work 

is  clearly  explained  with  the  aid  of  many  illustrations,  and  these  are 

of  the  right  size  for  tracing  and  working. 

'KNITTING  FOR  INFANTS  AND  JUNIORS.  In  foolscap  4to,  about 
64  pp.,  with  over  40  plates  and  other  suggestive  illustrations,  cloth, 
$1.30.  By  ETHEL  M.  DUDLEY,  L.L.A. 

fSIMPLE  LESSONS  IN  COLOR,    COMMON  OBJECTS.    160  pp.,  with  36 

full-page  colored  plates,  cloth,  gilt,  $3.00.      By  H.  A.  RANKIN. 
A  Practical  Manual  of  the  elementary  principles  of  color  as  applied 

both  to  animate  and  inanimate  objects. 

LESSONS  IN  COLOR,     II.   FLOWERS.     183pp.,   with  40  full-page 
colored  plates,  cloth,  gilt,   $3.00.     By  H.  A.  RANKIN,  Author  of 
"Simple  Lessons  in  Color,"  "Pencil  Drawing,"  etc. 
An  extension  of  the  principles  of  Vol.  I. 

NEEDLEWORK  FOR  STUDENT  TEACHERS.  259pp.,  illustrated 
with  200  diagrams,  cloth,  $3.00.  Ninth  Edition.  By  AMY  K.  SMITH. 

THE  OPEN-AIR  SCHOOL.  In  crown  8vo,  188  pp.,  with  50  illustra- 
tions, cloth,  $1.00.  By  HUGH  BROUGHTON,  B.Sc.  (London). 

PAPER  CUTTING  AND  MODELLING  FOR  JUNIORS.  176pp.,  and 
250  illustrations,  cloth,  $1.70.  By  J.  E.  TOLSON,  L.L.A. 

PAPER  FLOWER  MAKING.     A  Kindergarten  Occupation  for  Girls 

and  Infants.    74  pp.,  4  colored  plates,  150  illustrations,  cloth,  85c. 

By  Miss  F.  E.  MANCHESTER. 
PASTEL  WORK  FOR  THE  STANDARDS.     In  three  books,  Junior, 

Intermediate,   and  Senior,  each  containing  a  two  years'  course. 

Vol.  I,  85  pp.,  19  colored  plates  ;   Vol.  II,  84  pp.,  21  colored  plates  ; 

Vol.  Ill,  81  pp.,   16  colored  plates.     Each  volume  in  demy  8vo, 

cloth,  $1.85.    By  ALBERT  G.  TOMPKINS. 
PASTEL   WORK,   or   COLOR   WITH   CRAYONS.     Vol.   I,   Common 

Objects.     160pp.,  32  full-page  colored  plates,  cloth,    $3.40.     By 

H.'  A.  RANKIN. 
PASTEL   WORK.     Vol.  II,   Flowers.      188pp.,   36  full-page  colored 

plates,  cloth,  gilt,    $3.40.     By  the  same  Author. 
PENCIL    DRAWING.      220   pp.,    with    153    illustrations,    cloth,    gilt, 

$3.10.    By  the  same  Author. 

This  manual  is  addressed  especially  to  teachers  learning  the  art  of 
teaching  Drawing,  and  should  prove  of  great  assistance  in  removing 

25 


practical    difficulties,    and    also    give    considerable    insight    into    the 
principles  underlying  the  rules  and  conventions  of  the  subject. 
RAFFIA  WORK.     96pp.,  and   134  diagrams  and  6  full-page  plates, 

cloth,  gilt,  $1.70.    By  ALFRED  H.  BOWERS. 

SIMPLE     PICTORIAL     ILLUSTRATION.       190pp.,     and    profusely 
illustrated  with  more  than  20  magnificent  full-page  colored  plates 
and  about  60  black-and-white  illustrations,  many  of  which  are  full- 
page,  and  all  will  be  found  both  novel,  suggestive,  and  instructive. 
Cloth,  $3.50.    By  F.  H.  BROWN,  A.R.C.A.,  and  H.  A.  RANKIN. 
"  This  book  has  already  proven  its   merits  by  being  officially  listed 
by  the  New  York  Board  of  Education  for  use  in  the  schools.     To  the 
teacher  who  knows  that  drawing  of  much  illustrative   material  enlivens 
the   lesson,    this    book   will   prove    very    suggestive    and    practically 
helpful." — The  School  (New  York). 
SIMPLE   DRESSMAKING.     200pp.,    750  plates,    cloth,    $4.00.     By 

E.  R.  HAMBRIDGE. 

This  book  deals  exhaustively  with  the  various  stitches  and  fastenings 
used    in    Dressmaking    and    their   applications,    Pressing,    Making-up 
Processes,  Taking  Measurements,  Cutting-out ;   and  also  contains  some 
notes  on  Fitting. 
SONGS   AND   GAMES   OF  BABYLAND   ABROAD.      100pp.,   cloth, 

$1.50.     By  LOUIE  JESSE. 

THE  TEACHING  OF  COLOR.  178  pp.,  and  55  color  plates  and  black- 
and-white  illustrations,  cloth,  gilt,  $3.00.  By  H.  A.  RANKIN. 
TOY-MAKING  FOR  INFANTS.  In  demy  8vo,  120pp.,  with  20  full- 
page  colored  plates  and  32  black-and-white  illustrations,  cloth, 
$1.35.  By  BERTHA  EDEN.  With  a  Foreword  by  P.  B.  BALLARD, 
M.A.  D.Lit. 

THE    HANDICRAFT    OF    WOOD    CARVING.      With    27    half  tone 
illustrations  and  49  diagrams,  cloth,   $2.00.    By  JAMES  JACKSON. 
Not  merely  a  reference  book  showing  how  the  student  may  avoid 
difficulties,  but  explaining  how  he  may  master  them.     A  manual  on 
which  he  may  safely  rely  for  guidance  in  the  early  stages,  and  which 
will  enable  him  to  grasp  thoroughly  the  method  of  working,  the  par- 
ticular uses  and  characteristics  of  wood,  and  the  adaptability  of  tools. 
It  will  teach  the  student  how  to  carve,  not  merely  how  to  cut  wood. 
WOODWORK  FOR  INFANTS  AND  JUNIORS.    In  demy  8vo.    With 
28  full-page  illustrations,  about  64  pp.,  cloth,  80c.     By  ETHEL  S. 
MORLAND. 
WEAVING  FOR  BEGINNERS.     114pp.,  with  62  illustrations,   $2.00. 

By  LUTHER  HOOPER. 

A  simply  written  book  explaining  making,  mounting,  and  working 
a  handloom. 

*  These  works  have  been  authorized  by  the  New  York  Board  of 
Education  for  the  Day  and  Evening  High  Schools,  the  Day  and  Evening 
Elementary  Schools,  and  the  Intermediate  Commercial  Schools. 

THE  ARTISTIC  CRAFTS   SERIES 

BOOKBINDING  AND  THE   CARE   OF  BOOKS.     352pp.,   with   122 
drawings  by  NOEL  ROOKE,  8  pp.  collotype  reproductions,   $3.00. 
Fourth  Edition.    By  DOUGLAS  COCKERELL. 
A  capital  proof  of  the  reasoned  thoroughness  in  workmanship,  which 

26 


is  the  first  article  in  the  creed  of  those  who  are  attempting  to  carry 
into  practice  the  industrial  teaching  of  Ruskin  and  William  Morris. 

DRESS  DESIGN.    An  Account  of  Costume  for  Artists  and  Dressmakers. 

A  Handbook  on  Historic  Costume  from  early  times,  containing 
over  600  figures,  35  collotype  reproductions  for  100  specimens  of 
Genuine  Dresses,  besides  80  Scaled  Patterns,  taken  from  Antique 
Apparel,  together  with  over  400  illustrations  of  Head-dresses  and 
Footwear,  §4.00.  By  TALBOT  HUGHES. 

"  This  is  indeed  a  trustworthy  textbook  of  workshop  practice  with 
the  objective  to  set  up  a  standard  of  unquestioned  quality,  and  to  put 
artistic  craftsmanship  before  people  as  furnishing  reasonable  occupa- 
tions for  those  who  would  gain  a  livelihood.  ...  A  most  important 
and  practical  book  for  all  interested  in  the  designing  of  dresses  and 
costumes." — Jewish  Tribune. 

EMBROIDERY  AND  TAPESTRY  WEAVING.    420pp.,  178  diagrams 
and  illustrations  by  the  Author.    16  pp.  of  collotype  reproductions, 
$4.00.    Third  Edition.     By  Mrs.  A.  R.  CHRISTIE. 
Mrs.  Christie  has  performed  her  task  to  admiration  and  her  lucid 
explanations  of  various  kinds  of  stitches  will  be  of  value  to  all  workers 
at  embroidery  or  tapestry  weaving,  and  to  novices  anxious  to  learn. 

HAND-LOOM  WEAVING.    368  pp.,  125  drawings  by  the  Author  and 
NOEL  ROOKE.     Colored  and  collotype  reproductions,   $3.40.     By 
LUTHER  HOOPER. 
Every  phase  and  process  in  Weaving  is  described  with  so  clear  and 

careful  an  exactitude  that,   helped  as  the  text  is  by  the  Author's 

sketches    and    diagrams,    the    reader    should    have    no    difficulty    in 

conquering  with  its  aid  the  rudiments  of  the  craft. 

MANUSCRIPT  AND  INSCRIPTION  LETTERS.  12£  by  9J  in.  With  5 
Plates  by  A.  E.  R.  GILL,  16  Plates  in  all.  Full  notes  and  descrip- 
tions by  the  Author,  $3.00.  Second  Edition.  By  EDWARD 
JOHNSTON. 

STAINED  GLASS  WORK.     392pp.,  with  73  diagrams  and  16pp.  of 

collotype  reproductions,  $3.40.    By  C.  W.  WHALL. 
It  provides  an  exposition  at  once  instructive  and  interesting  of  the 
workshop  practice  of  the  craft  of  Stained  Glass,  animated  throughout 
by  an  encouraging  and  cheerful  sense  of  the  dignity  and  the  elevating 
influence  of  such  an  occupation. 

WOODCARVING  :  DESIGN  AND  WORKMANSHIP.  320  pp.,  79 
drawings  by  the  Author,  16  pp.,  of  collotype  reproductions, 
$3.00.  Second  Edition.  By  GEORGE  JACK. 

"  Undoubtedly  the  best  guide  to  Woodcarving  extant.  ...  A 
practical  work,  written  with  clearness  and  literary  power  by  a  practical 
man  .  .  .  of  great  artistic  talent.  .  .  .  The  illustrations  are  excellent." 
— The  Builders'  Journal. 

WOOD-BLOCK  PRINTING.  A  description  of  the  craft  of  Wood- 
cutting and  Color-printing  based  on  the  Japanese  practice.  With 
an  Original  Print  in  color,  designed  and  cut  by  the  Author,  printed 
by  hand  on  Japanese  paper,  together  with  working  diagrams  and 
23  full-page  collotype  reproductions  of  Wood-block  Printing  and 
Process,  $3.00.  By  F.  MORLEY  FLETCHER, 

27 


WRITING  AND  ILLUMINATING  AND  LETTERING.     512pp.,    227 

illustrations  and  diagrams  by  the  Author  and  NOEL  ROOKE.   8  pp. 

of  Examples  in  red  and  black.     24  pp.  of  collotype  reproductions, 

$3.40.    Tenth  Edition.     By  EDWARD  JOHNSTON. 

"...  This  book  belongs   to   that  extremely  rare   class    in    which 

every  line  bears  the  impress  of  complete  mastery  of  the  subject.     We 

congratulate  Mr.  Johnston  on  having  produced  a  work  at  once  original 

and  complete." — The  Athenaeum. 


ft  THE  ENCYCLOPAEDIA  AND 
DICTIONARY  OF  EDUCATION 

THIS  great  English  Encyclopaedia,  which  has  taken  nearly  ten  years 
to  prepare,  is  being  published  in  four  handsome  volumes  of  about 
500  pp.  each,  and  contains  2,250  separate  articles  by  specialists  in  all 
parts  of  the  world  on  the  various  subjects.  The  price  of  the  complete 
set  is  $25.00.  Separate  volumes,  $6.50  each. 

The  general  Editor,  Professor  FOSTER  WATSON,  M.A.,  D.Litt.,  is 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  scholars  of  the  day,  and  a  well-known 
contributor  to  various  important  standard  works,  and  a  writer  of 
great  repute.  Under  the  Editor's  personal  direction,  every  care  has 
been  taken  to  make  the  Encyclopaedia  as  comprehensive,  up-to-date, 
and  reliable  as  possible. 

During  the  last  few  years  the  evolution  of  educational  theory  and 
practice  in  all  branches  has  been  particularly  rapid,  and  educationists 
of  all  countries  have  made  enormous  and  important  contributions  to 
the  literature  on  Education.  The  very  mass  of  such  literature  makes 
an  educational  gazetteer  of  wide  information  imperative.  An  ency- 
clopaedia is  not  only  a  gazetteer  of  types  and  movements,  it  is  also, 
within  certain  limits,  so  to  say,  a  series  of  descriptive  maps,  of  theory, 
practice,  methods,  organization,  and  administration  of  education.  It 
is,  further,  a  vast  domain  of  modern  civilization.  It  is  a  guide-book 
on  a  large  scale,  but  it  also  contains  the  outline  of  a  great  inheritance, 
the  tradition  from  the  past  and  tradition  in  the  making  in  the  present, 
the  guarantees  of  the  hope  for  the  future  of  the  world. 

It  is  the  manifest  business  of  all  on  whom  the  education  of  the 
nation  in  any  measure  devolves  to  keep  pace  with  educational  progress. 
All  concerned  with  teaching,  those  connected  in  any  way  with  educa- 
tional organization  and  administration,  publicists,  parents  and  students, 
simply  cannot  afford  to  do  without  this  great  work,  which  will  give 
them  vital  information  concerning  education  as  it  is  to-day.  Authors 
and  compilers  of  educational  textbooks,  and  writers  on  educational 
subjects  generally,  will  find  it  a  reference  book  of  inestimable  value. 

The  educational  systems  of  not  only  the  English-speaking  countries, 
but  of  practically  every  country  in  the  world,  have  been  outlined,  in 
most  cases  by  educationists  whose  spheres  of  work  have  lain  in  those 
particular  countries.  Clear,  accurate,  and  succinct  accounts  by  those 
foremost  in  educational  circles  are  given  of  all  types  of  teaching 
institutions  in  the  British  Isles  and  Dominions  ;  among  the  American 

28 


contributors  appear  such  well-known  names  as  Paul  Monroe,  Ph.D., 
LL.D.,  John  Dewey,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  and  C.  H.  Judd,  Ph.D.,  LL.D. 

An  important  feature  of  the  work  is  the  illuminative  list  of  articles 
on  the  scientific  theory  of  education,  embracing  the.  psychological,  the 
medical,  and  other  rapidly  changing  aspects  on  which  well-known 
educationists  and  other  experts  from  all  parts  of  the  world  have  made 
up-to-date  contributions. 

While  considerable  space  has  been  devoted  to  the  theory  and  practice 
of  education,  the  historical  aspect  has  also  received  careful  attention. 
Due  prominence  has  been  given  to  the  lives  and  teachings  of  great 
educationists  and  others  who  have  made  important  contributions, 
although  less  directly,  to  education. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  THE  IMPROVEMENT  OF  THE  MEMORY. 

116  pp.,  cloth,  65c.    By  Rev.  J.  H.  BACON. 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  CONTINUATION  TEACHING. 

364  pp.,  cloth,  gilt,  $2.40.    By  C.  H.  KIRTON,  A.C.I. S. 

CATS  FOR  PLEASURE  AND  PROFIT.  126  pp.,  $2.00.  By  FRANCES 
SIMPSON.  With  25  half -tone  illustrations.  New  and  Revised  Edition. 

GREAT  ASTRONOMERS.  372  pp.,  cloth,  $3.00.  By  Sir  ROBERT  S. 
BALL,  F.R.S.  With  numerous  illustrations. 

IN  THE  HIGH  HEAVENS.    Cloth,  $3.00.    By  Sir  ROBERT  S.  BALL. 

IN  STARRY  REALMS.  370  pp.,  cloth,  $4.00.  By  Sir  ROBERT  S.  BALL. 
With  numerous  illustrations. 

ROSES  AND   ROSE   GROWING.      $3.00.     By  ROSE  G.   KINGSLEY. 

With  a  chapter  on  "  How  to  Grow  Roses  for  Exhibition,"  by  the 

Rev.  F.  PAGE-ROBERTS.     With  28  full-page  colored  plates,  and  9 

half-tone  illustrations. 

"  The  book  is  one  that  can  be  thoroughly  recommended  to  all  rose 

growers  .   .   .  and  as  a  gift  book  its  illustrations  alone  make  it  worth 

the  buying." — The  Garden. 

NEW  ROSES.    35c.     Supplement  to  "  Roses  and  Rose  Growing." 

FURS  AND  FURRIERY.  9£  by  6£  in.  370  pp.,  with  183  illustrations, 
cloth,  gilt,  $10.50.  By  C.  J.  ROSENBURG. 

A  practical  work  on  furs  and  the  fur  trade,  and  the  making-up  of 
fur  garments. 

"  This  excellent  work  will  prove  to  be  of  unusual  interest  and  value 
to  the  practical  furrier.  It  is  profusely  illustrated,  and  goes  into  the 
practical  end  of  the  fur  industry  in  a  most  thorough  and  illuminating 
manner.  It  fills  a  long-felt  want,  and  should  prove  invaluable  to 
manufacturers,  designers,  workers,  and  students.  It  is  one  of  the  few 
practical  books  on  the  Furriers'  Trade,  and  is  quite  up  to  date. — 
Fur  Trade  Review  (New  York). 


29 


AUTHORIZED  PUBLICATIONS 

For  1920, 1921,  and  1922  for  the  Day  and  Evening  High  Schools, 

the  Day  and  Evening  Elementary  Schools,  and  the  Intermediate 

Schools  of  the  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 


DAY  AND  EVENING  HIGH  SCHOOLS 

Books  on  High  School  List  may  be  ordered  for  Intermediate  Schools, 

LIST  NO.  SHORTHAND 

3745  Aesop's  Fables  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 

3748c  Practice  Letters  for  Beginners  in  Shorthand. 

3748H  Memory  Drills  on  the  Grammalogs  and  Contractions. 

3748:  Review  Lessons  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 

3748j  Self-Culture  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 

3748L  Tales  and  Sketches  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 

3748M  Gulliver's  Voyage  to  Lilliput  in  Isaac  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

3752  Grammalogs  and  Contractions  in  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

3781  Pitman's  Dictation  Instructor. 

3782  Key  to  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and  Tests. 

3783  Business  Correspondence  in  Shorthand,  1  to  4  in  one  volume. 

3784  Pitman's  Shorthand  Rapid  Course. 

3785  Selections  from  American  Authors  in  Shorthand. 

3786  Business  Correspondence  in  Shorthand  Nos.  1,  5  &  6  as  ordered. 

3787  "  "  "          Nos.  1  &  2  in  one  vol. 

3788  "  "  "          No.  2. 

3789  "  "  "          Nos.  3  &  4  in  one  vol. 

3790  Course  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 

3791  Progressive  Dictator. 

3792  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  Instructor. 

3793  Shorthand  Writing  Exercises  and  Examination  Tests. 

3794  20th  Century  Business  Dictation  and  Legal  Forms. 

3798  Pitman's  Graded  Shorthand  Readings,    Elementary. 

3799  "  "  "  "  Intermediate. 

3800  "  "  "  "  Advanced. 

3801  Supplementary  Exercises  in  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

3802  Vicar  of  Wakefield  in  Pitman's  Shorthand. 
4227  Taquigrafia  Espanola  de  Isaac  Pitman. 
4285  Shorthand  Dictionary  (Complete). 

6057c  Brief  Reporting  Exercises. 

6117  Commentary  on  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

6118  Methods  of  Teaching  Shorthand. 

6119  Notes  of  Lessons  on  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

6120  Pitman's  English  and  Shorthand  Dictionary. 

6121  The  Sign  of  Four  in  Pitman's  Shorthand. 

6158  The  Students'  Practice  Book. 

6159  Pitman's  Advanced  Speed  Practice. 
8664  French  Phonography. 

TYPEWRITING 

3812  Practical  Course  in  Touch  Typewriting  (Charles  E.  Smith). 

5869  Advanced  Typewriting  and  Office  Training. 

30 


SPANISH  AND   FRENCH 

Pitman's  Commercial  Spanish  Grammar  (Toledano). 
French-English  and  English-French  Commercial  Dictionary. 
Spanish  Commercial  Reader  (Macdonald). 
Manual  of  Spanish  Commercial  Correspondence. 
Spanish  Commercial  Correspondence  (Monteverde) . 
Spanish-English  and  English-Spanish  Commercial  Dictionary. 
French  Commercial  Reader. 
French  Conversations  and  Business  Interviews. 

VOCATIONAL 

5245A       Drawing  and  Design. 

5261         Simple  Lessons  in  Color. 

6017         Principles  and  Practice  of  Continuation  Teaching. 

6062G       The  Art  of  Painting  in  Pastel. 


DAY  AND   EVENING   ELEMENTARY   SCHOOLS 

LIST  NO.  SHORTHAND 

6475  Course  in  Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand. 
6474         Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  Instructor. 

6476  Smith's  Cumulative  Speller  and  Shorthand  Vocabulary. 
6561         Isaac  Pitman  Shorthand  Dictionary. 

TYPEWRITING 

3748N       High  Speed  in  Typewriting  (Kennedy  &  Jarret). 
6468         A  Practical  Course  in  Touch  Typewriting  (Chas.  E.  Smith), 
Balanced  Hand  Method. 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH 

6483         Style  Book  of  Business  English  (Hammond  &  Herzberg). 

Note. — Works  on  the  Elementary  List  are  also  available  for  Day 
and  Evening  High  and  Intermediate  Schools. 

OFFICE  PRACTICE 

3748K      How  to  Become  an  Office  Stenographer  (W.  L.  Mason). 


PERIODICALS 


PITMAN'S    JOURNAL.     An   American   Magazine   for   Isaac   Pitman 

writers. 

Per  year  in   advance,    75c.  ;     Canada   and   foreign   countries,   80c. 
Special  club  rates  on  application.    Volumes  I,  II,  III,  and  VII,  f  $3.00  ; 
other  volumes,    $1.60. 
PITMAN'S  (ENGLISH)  JOURNAL.    Founded  by  Sir  Isaac  Pitman  in 

1842. 

The  oldest  and  only  weekly  periodical  (in  any  system)  in  existence 
devoted  to  SHORTHAND,  TYPEWRITING,  and  kindred  subjects.     Each 

31 


number  consists  of  24  pp.,  and  comprises  EIGHT  COLUMNS  OF  PRINTED 
SHORTHAND.     Terms  of  subscription,  payable  in  advance — 
12  months,  52  weekly  issues       .       .       .     $4.50 
6        "        26        "          "          ...     S2.50 
3        "        13        "          «          ...      $1.40 
Bound  volumes  of  the  JOURNAL  from  1842  to  1875  are  out  of  print. 
Volumes  from  1876  to  1890  f  §2.50  each,  post  free.     Volumes  from  1891 
to  1917  f$2.25  each,  post  free.    Volumes  for  1918  $2.75,  1919  S4.80. 
PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND  WEEKLY.     16pp. 

Beautifully  printed  in  the  Advanced,  Intermediate,  and  Elementary 
Styles,  and  illustrated.  The  contents  consist  of  stories  and  tales,  serial 
and  complete  ;  interesting  extracts,  amusing  paragraphs,  phonographic 
jokes  and  anecdotes.  Terms  of  subscription — 

12  months,  52  weekly  issues       .       .       .     $2.60 
6        "        26        "          "          ...     $1.50 
3        "        13        "          «          ...     §0.75 
fBound  volumes   (half-yearly)   of  PITMAN'S   SHORTHAND  WEEKLY 
as  follows  :    Vols.  1  to  10,  out  of  print  ;    Vols.  11  to  56,   $1.75  each. 
Vol.  57  to  date,   $2.00. 

PITMAN'S  SHORTHAND  BUDGET.    The  monthly  edition  of  P.S.W. 
Each  issue  contains  64  to  80  pages  of  Engraved  Phonography,  and 
fully  illustrated.     Twelve  months,  $2.60  ;  six  months,  $1.50.     Sample, 
25c. 

REPORTERS'  JOURNAL.  Sample  copy,  15c.  Yearly  subscription, 
post  paid,  $2.00. 

REPORTERS'  MAGAZINE.  Sample  copy,  15c.  Yearly  subscription, 
post  paid,  $1.50.  Founded  by  E.  J.  NANKIVELL. 

THE  PHONOGRAPHIC  MONTHLY.  Sample  copy,  15c.  Yearly 
subscription,  $1.25. 

THE  PHONOGRAPHIC  OBSERVER.  Sample  copy,  15c.  Yearly 
subscription,  post  paid,  $1.25. 

BUSINESS  ORGANISATION  AND   MANAGEMENT. 

An  English  monthly  magazine  for  the  Accountant,  the  Secretary, 
the  Manager,  and  all  engaged  in  Commerce  or  Industry.  Published 
monthly,  single  copy,  50c.  Annual  Subscription,  $5.40. 


Printed  in  Bath,  England,  bu  Sir  Isaac  Pitman  <t  Sons,  Ltd. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


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